Study Characteristics | OECD (n = 20) | Non-OECD (n = 14) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of papers | Reference number | Number of papers | Reference number | |
Study Design: | ||||
Retrospective observational | 12 | 10 | ||
Prospective observational | 5 | 1 | [46] | |
Cross-sectional | 3 | 3 | ||
Number of study participants: | ||||
0–50 | 1 | [21] | 1 | [38] |
51–100 | 5 | 2 | ||
101–200 | 7 | 2 | ||
201–500 | 4 | 2 | ||
501–1000 | 3 | 5 | ||
1000+ | 0 | 2 | ||
Method of faecal sampling: | ||||
Stool sample | 14 | 9 | ||
Rectal swab | 5 | 5 | ||
Stool sample or rectal swab | 1 | [29] | 0 | |
Age range of childrena: | ||||
Neonates (0–90 days) | 3 | 0 | ||
0–5 years | 9 | 7 | ||
5–17 years | 4 | 3 | ||
0–17 years | 5 | 4 | ||
Antibiotics reported: | ||||
Ampicillin | 15 | 12 | ||
Co-amoxiclav | 5 | 2 | ||
Co-trimoxazole | 4 | 10 | ||
Trimethoprim | 7 | 2 | ||
Nitrofurantoin | 3 | 2 | ||
Ciprofloxacin | 4 | 12 | ||
Ceftazidime | 4 | 3 | ||
Tetracycline | 13 | 10 | ||
Chloramphenicol | 11 | 10 | ||
Previous exposure to antibioticsb: | ||||
0–2 weeks | 2 | 0 | ||
0–3 weeks | 0 | 1 | [37] | |
0–1 month | 1 | [19] | 0 | |
0–3 months | 1 | [27] | 1 | [49] |
0–6 months | 0 | 0 | ||
0–1 year | 0 | 0 |