Urine metabolomic profiling of children with respiratory tract infections in the emergency department: a pilot study

Adamko, Darryl J.; Saude, Erik; Bear, Matthew; Regush, Shana; Robinson, Joan L.

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1709-6

Table 3 The concentration of each metabolite for each subject group is shown as the median and interquartile range (IQR) in mmol of metabolite/mmol creatinine

From: Urine metabolomic profiling of children with respiratory tract infections in the emergency department: a pilot study

	Healthy Control Children			RSV			Other Respiratory Viruses			Other Respiratory Viruses			Bacterial Infection			Bacterial Infection
	Healthy Control Children			RSV			(Age-matched)			(Older children)			(Age-matched)			(Older children)
	Median	IQR		Median	IQR		Median	IQR		Median	IQR		Median	IQR		Median	IQR
2-Hydroxyisobuterate (α)^a	0.014	0.012	0.017	0.008	0.004	0.013	0.006	0.004	0.011	0.006	0.003	0.011	0.007	0.002	0.013	0.011	0.005	0.020
3-Hydroxyisovalerate (β)^a	0.019	0.010	0.028	0.014	0.010	0.020	0.014	0.004	0.021	0.023	0.011	0.036	0.012	0.004	0.021	0.015	0.009	0.022
3-Indoxylsulfate (β)^a	0.018	0.006	0.052	0.022	0.006	0.057	0.026	0.006	0.061	0.031	0.009	0.097	0.006	0.006	0.015	0.012	0.006	0.028
Acetoacetate (α,β)^a	0.004	0.003	0.010	0.012	0.006	0.020	0.016	0.008	0.038	0.023	0.008	0.063	0.010	0.005	0.029	0.017	0.005	0.034
Acetone (α)^a	0.006	0.006	0.009	0.013	0.007	0.027	0.010	0.006	0.029	0.008	0.004	0.035	0.011	0.005	0.047	0.011	0.003	0.044
Alanine (α)^a	0.131	0.104	0.164	0.156	0.090	0.230	0.140	0.057	0.239	0.080	0.023	0.155	0.113	0.076	0.193	0.044	0.014	0.091
Betaine (β)^a	0.205	0.094	0.514	0.425	0.058	0.932	0.171	0.036	0.424	0.010	0.007	0.223	0.044	0.014	0.178	0.013	0.008	0.018
Blue 1.06 (β)	2.165	1.675	2.954	1.967	1.520	2.276	2.040	1.531	2.352	1.231	0.393	2.131	1.880	0.200	2.620	1.033	0.832	1.797
Carnitine (α)^a	0.037	0.013	0.066	0.014	0.008	0.039	0.013	0.006	0.051	0.017	0.010	0.041	0.009	0.004	0.022	0.013	0.007	0.033
Citrate (α)^a	0.690	0.485	1.089	0.334	0.182	0.602	0.153	0.093	0.540	0.251	0.053	0.615	0.197	0.041	0.402	0.183	0.086	0.399
Creatine (α)^a	0.513	0.251	1.082	0.029	0.015	0.206	0.125	0.035	0.725	0.031	0.021	0.259	0.039	0.017	0.195	0.017	0.008	0.035
Ethanolamine (α,β)^a	0.084	0.069	0.107	0.126	0.098	0.181	0.096	0.072	0.155	0.086	0.051	0.169	0.112	0.081	0.148	0.065	0.041	0.085
Fumarate (α,β)^a	0.003	0.001	0.006	0.006	0.001	0.010	0.002	0.001	0.008	0.002	0.002	0.349	0.001	0.001	0.004	0.001	0.001	0.001
Glucose (α)^a	0.096	0.067	0.136	0.170	0.103	0.258	0.189	0.145	0.217	0.066	0.031	0.191	0.293	0.115	0.907	0.062	0.034	0.156
Glutamate (β)^a	0.010	0.010	0.010	0.037	0.010	0.076	0.010	0.010	0.066	0.010	0.010	0.087	0.010	0.010	0.044	0.013	0.010	0.064
Glutamine (α)^a	0.139	0.112	0.153	0.215	0.140	0.337	0.187	0.134	0.295	0.218	0.076	0.529	0.188	0.077	0.378	0.052	0.022	0.191
Hippurate (β)^a	0.160	0.083	0.292	0.104	0.038	0.219	0.137	0.038	0.290	0.236	0.111	0.464	0.538	0.103	0.992	0.173	0.070	0.306
Hypoxanthine (α)^a	0.015	0.009	0.023	0.019	0.008	0.024	0.019	0.002	0.027	0.010	0.008	0.018	0.006	0.002	0.030	0.013	0.006	0.017
Lactate (α)^a	0.032	0.026	0.047	0.052	0.037	0.074	0.057	0.043	0.084	0.030	0.017	0.049	0.051	0.040	0.075	0.012	0.011	0.038
Lysine (α)^a	0.011	0.006	0.047	0.056	0.035	0.128	0.029	0.006	0.063	0.006	0.005	0.020	0.070	0.029	0.108	0.028	0.016	0.061
Methanol (α)^a	0.001	0.001	0.008	0.014	0.008	0.018	0.012	0.008	0.020	0.002	0.001	0.008	0.012	0.009	0.036	0.006	0.003	0.011
N,N-Dimethylglycine (β)^a	0.048	0.030	0.067	0.066	0.028	0.104	0.031	0.017	0.144	0.007	0.003	0.042	0.024	0.006	0.098	0.004	0.002	0.007
Pantothenate (β)	0.021	0.015	0.029	0.018	0.011	0.024	0.019	0.012	0.028	0.007	0.002	0.010	0.009	0.001	0.017	0.005	0.001	0.016
Propylene glycol (α)	0.018	0.002	0.089	0.053	0.019	0.136	0.073	0.017	0.172	0.017	0.008	0.045	0.068	0.018	0.336	0.024	0.007	0.084
Pyruvate (α)^a	0.009	0.006	0.012	0.016	0.009	0.059	0.022	0.012	0.091	0.003	0.000	0.020	0.007	0.001	0.018	0.003	0.001	0.010
Serine (α,β)	0.075	0.020	0.123	0.197	0.146	0.282	0.179	0.020	0.281	0.020	0.014	0.148	0.264	0.102	0.302	0.035	0.020	0.208
Succinate (β)^a	0.128	0.062	0.165	0.099	0.062	0.140	0.062	0.027	0.075	0.059	0.020	1.942	0.029	0.015	0.071	0.014	0.004	0.023
Tartrate (β)	0.008	0.001	0.016	0.018	0.005	0.030	0.012	0.001	0.026	0.003	0.001	0.051	0.004	0.001	0.030	0.001	0.001	0.002
Taurine (α)^a	0.253	0.174	0.395	0.160	0.050	0.345	0.112	0.061	0.703	0.103	0.073	0.309	0.115	0.051	0.265	0.170	0.082	0.344
Threonine (β)	0.046	0.036	0.063	0.058	0.038	0.098	0.052	0.040	0.131	0.030	0.008	0.087	0.075	0.036	0.112	0.026	0.010	0.151
Uracil (β)^a	0.009	0.001	0.016	0.013	0.001	0.018	0.011	0.001	0.024	0.007	0.004	16.34	0.001	0.001	0.026	0.001	0.001	0.011
Urea (α)^a	33.60	23.80	49.10	33.20	22.90	50.67	50.83	23.36	73.76	27.94	12.87	40.72	47.22	24.11	83.14	39.75	28.99	47.18
trans-Aconitate (α)^a	0.019	0.006	0.043	0.002	0.002	0.008	0.002	0.002	0.009	0.002	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.009

The metabolites used to discriminate the different groups of subjects are labeled as: (α) required for separation of Healthy Infants vs RSV infection; (β) required for separation of RSV vs. Bacteria. Metabolites labelled with^a are known to be endogenously produced within the human body

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