Table 4 CDI-attributable LOS and CDI-related LOS
Reference | Population | Statistic | CDI VS NO CDI LOS (Days) | CDI LOS (Days) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | Value | SD or 95 % CI | Sample size | Value | SD or 95 % CI | |||||
CO-CDI Inpatient days | ||||||||||
Arora 2011 [29] | Horn’s index 1&2 | Mean | 33 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 33 | 15.1 | 16.2 | ||
Arora 2011 [29] | Horn’s index 3&4 | Mean | 52 | 33.4 | 33.3 | 52 | 33.4 | 33.3 | ||
Kuntz 2012 [41] | General outpatient | Mean | 1650 | 10.0 | 17.0 | 1650 | 10.0 | 17.0 | ||
Kuntz 2012 [41] | General inpatient | Mean | 1316 | 14.9 | 20.9 | 1316 | 14.9 | 20.9 | ||
O’Brien 2007 [51] | General | Mean | 4015 | 6.4 | 4015 | 6.4 | ||||
Pant 2013 [55] | IBD | Coefficient | 12,610 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.8 | |
Peery 2012 [56] | General | Median | 110,553 | 5.0 | 110,553 | 5.0 | ||||
Quimbo 2013 [57] | CDAD History | Mean | 1866 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 3.6 | 933 | 8.9 | 7.2 | 11.0 |
Sammons 2013 [59] | Children | Median | 2060 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 6.6 | 2060 | 6.0 | 4.0a | 13.0a |
VeerLee 2012 [64] | General | Mean | 68,686 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 68,686 | 7.1 | 7.0 | ||
Weighted Mean | 202,841 | 5.7 | 189,298 | 5.9 | ||||||
HO-CDI inpatient days | ||||||||||
Jiang 2013 [39] | General | Median | 7264 | 8.0 | 1211 | 13.0 | ||||
Lipp 2012 [46] | General | Mean | 3826 | 12.0 | 3826 | 12.0 | ||||
Pakyz 2011 [52] | General | Mean | 30,071 | 11.1 | 10,857 | 21.1 | 21.0 | 21.2 | ||
Tabak 2013 [63] | General | Median | 1020 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 3.8 | 255 | 12.0 | 9.0a | 21.0a |
Wang 2013 | General | Median | 7,227,788 | 7.0 | 78,273 | 6.0 | 4.0a | 11.0a | ||
Campbell 2013 [31] | Age > = 65 | Mean | 3064 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 4.6 | 3064 | 21.3 | 25.3 | |
Quimbo 2013 [57] | Elderly | Mean | 34,732 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 10,933 | 18.8 | 18.2 | 19.5 |
Sammons 2013 [59] | Children | Median | 2414 | 21.6 | 19.3 | 23.9 | 2414 | 23.0 | 12.0a | 44.0a |
Ananthakrishnan 2008 [28] | IBD | Median | 80,170 | 3.0 | 2804 | 7.0 | ||||
Campbell 2013 [31] | IBD | Mean | 84 | 3.0 | −2.3 | 8.3 | 84 | 21.0 | 19.1 | |
Quimbo 2013 [57] | IBD | Mean | 3618 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 1206 | 12.8 | 11.6 | 14.2 |
Nguyen 2008 [49] | Crohn’s disease | Mean | 73,197 | 3.8 | 329 | 9.5 | ||||
Nguyen 2008 [49] | Ulcerative colitis | Mean | 43,645 | 3.2 | 196 | 9.9 | ||||
Reed 2008 | Digestive disorders | Mean | 2394 | 3.0 | 320 | 6.9 | 5.2 | |||
Damle 2014 [14] | Colorectal surgery | Median | 84,648 | 8.4 | 8.0 | 8.9 | 1266 | 13.0 | 18.0 | |
Lesperance 2011 [45] | Elective colonic resection | Mean | 695,010 | 11.7 | 10,077 | 22.6 | ||||
Reed 2008 | Major bowel procedures | Mean | 1035 | 10.0 | 45 | 20.9 | 11.3 | |||
Wilson 2013 [66] | Ileostomy | Mean | 13,462 | 11.6 | 217 | 18.7 | ||||
Campbell 2013 [31] | Cabx exposure | Mean | 1641 | 7.8 | 5.7 | 9.9 | 1641 | 29.3 | 34.7 | |
Quimbo 2013 [57] | Concomitant Antibiotic Use | Mean | 17,716 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 4429 | 17.9 | 17.0 | 18.9 |
Lagu 2014 [42] | Sepsis | Mean | 4736 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 5.7 | 2368 | 19.2 | ||
Reed 2008 | Septicemia | Mean | 1211 | 5.0 | 92 | 10.7 | 7.6 | |||
Egorova 2015 [35] | Vascular surgery | Median | 450,251 | 6.7 | 4708 | 15.0 | 9.0a | 25.0a | ||
Flagg 2014 [36] | Cardiac surgery | Median | 349,122 | 10.0 | 2580 | 21.0 | ||||
Glance 2011 [38] | Trauma | Median | 149,656 | 10.0 | 768 | 16.0 | ||||
Lemaire 2015 [43] | Cardiac surgery (CABG) | Median | 421,294 | 12.0 | 19.0 | |||||
Lemaire 2015 [43] | Cardiac surgery (VS) | Median | 90,923 | 16.0 | 24.0 | |||||
Reed 2008 | Congestive Heart Failure | Mean | 2542 | 5.0 | 35 | 9.7 | 7.0 | |||
Reed 2008 | OR procedure for infectious /parasitic diseases | Mean | 449 | 2.0 | 32 | 14.7 | 8.6 | |||
Lawrence 2007 [44] | ICU | Median | 76 | 14.9 | 1.0b | 86.0b | ||||
Lawrence 2007 [44] | ICU | Median | 76 | 38.3 | 4.0b | 184.0b | ||||
Ali 2012 [27] | Liver transplant | Mean | 193,714 | 10.1 | 5159 | 17.8 | ||||
Singal 2014 [60] | Cirrhosis | Mean | 89,673 | 7.5 | 1444 | 13.9 | ||||
Quimbo 2013 [57] | Immunocompromised | Mean | 14,344 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 9.0 | 3586 | 22.1 | 20.6 | 23.7 |
Campbell 2013 [31] | Renal impairment | Mean | 3236 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 3236 | 22.7 | 28.2 | |
Quimbo 2013 [57] | Renal impairment | Mean | 22,132 | 17.3 | 16.4 | 18.3 | 5533 | 37.5 | 35.5 | 39.6 |
Campbell 2013 [31] | Cancer/BMT | Mean | 782 | 4.0 | 2.3 | 5.7 | 782 | 21.3 | 18.5 | |
Weighted Mean | 10,120,864 | 7.8 | 168,892 | 13.5 | ||||||
Both CO-CDI and HO-CDI inpatient cost | ||||||||||
Song 2008 [61] | General | Median | 1260 | 4.0 | 630 | 22.0 | ||||
Stewart 2011 [62] | General | Mean | 82,414 | 5.1 | 41,207 | 13.0 | 14.0 | |||
Nylund 2011 [50] | Children, 1997 | Median | 3565 | 3.0 | 3565 | 5.0 | 3.0a | 14.0a | ||
Nylund 2011 [50] | Children, 2000 | Median | 4356 | 4.0 | 4356 | 6.0 | 3.0a | 15.0a | ||
Nylund 2011 [50] | Children, 2003 | Median | 5574 | 4.0 | 5574 | 6.0 | 3.0a | 14.0a | ||
Nylund 2011 [50] | Children, 2006 | Median | 7779 | 4.0 | 7779 | 6.0 | 3.0a | 15.0a | ||
Sammons 2013 [59] | Children | Median | 698,616 | 12.2 | 10.6 | 13.8 | 698,616 | 10.0 | 5.0a | 23.0a |
Bajaj 2010 [30] | Cirrhosis | Mean | 83,230 | 7.1 | 1165 | 14.4 | ||||
Bajaj 2010 [30] | CDI only | Mean | 58,220 | 12.7 | ||||||
Pant 2013 [55] | IBD | Mean | 12,610 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 447 | 8.2 | ||
Dubberke 2008 [33] | Non-surgical | Median | 24,691 | 6.0 | 439 | 10.0 | 2. 0b | 87.0b | ||
Lawrence 2007 [44] | ICU stay | Median | 1872 | 3.1 | 76 | 6.1 | 1.0b | 86.0b | ||
Lawrence 2007 [44] | Hospital stay | Median | 1872 | 14.4 | 76 | 24.5 | 2.0b | 184.0b | ||
Maltenfort 2013 [47] | Arthroplasty | Median | – | 7.0 | – | 10.0 | 7.0a | 17.0a | ||
Zerey 2007 [67] | Surgical | Median | 1,553,597 | 16.0 | 15.6 | 16.4 | 8113 | 18.0 | ||
Pant 2012 [53] | Organ transplant | Median | 49,198 | 9.6 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 63,651 | |||
Pant 2012 (2) [54] | Renal disease | Coefficient | 184,139 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 59,793 | |||
Zilberberg 2009 [68] | Prolonged acute mechanical ventilation | Median | 3370 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 7.4 | 3468 | 25.0 | 15.0a | 40.0a |
Weighted Mean | 2,718,143 | 13.6 | 957,175 | 9.0 | ||||||