Spontaneous viral clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) and HIV-positive men who have sex with men (HIV+ MSM): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Smith, Daniel J.; Jordan, Ashly E.; Frank, Mayu; Hagan, Holly

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1807-5

Table 1 Studies investigating spontaneous viral clearance of HCV among PWID

From: Spontaneous viral clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) and HIV-positive men who have sex with men (HIV+ MSM): a systematic review and meta-analysis

First author (pub. yr.)	Study period	Location					N
First author (pub. yr.)	Study period	Location	Recruitment method	Recruitment site	Definition of HCV clearance	Quality rating	Participants	Clearers	Proportion of clearance events	95 % CI
Aberle (2006) [34]	2003–2005	Austria	Convenience sampling	Clinical setting	Methods not reported	Low	11	3	27.3	1.0	-	53.6
Aitken (2008) [35]	2005–2008	Australia	Convenience sampling	Community-based setting	1 RNA- result	Moderate	135	41	30.4	22.6	-	38.1
Alanko Blome (2014) [36]	1997–2005	Sweden	Consecutive sampling	Other setting	1 RNA- result	High	150	48	32.0	24.5	-	39.5
Boodram (2011) [37]	2002–2006	United States	Convenience sampling	Community-based setting	≥1 RNA- result over 6 months	High	113	38	33.6	24.9	-	42.3
Cournot (2004) [38]	1999–2004	France	Consecutive sampling	Clinical setting	1 RNA- result	Moderate	178	27	15.2	9.9	-	20.4
Currie (2008) [39]	1997–2007	United States	Convenience sampling	Clinical and drug treatment settings	≥2 consecutive RNA- results	Moderate	215	29	13.5	8.9	-	18.1
Dolan (2010) [40]	2005–2007	Australia	Convenience sampling	Correctional setting	1 RNA- result	Moderate	16	6	37.5	13.8	-	61.2
Garten (2008) [41]	1999–2008	China	Unspecified sampling	Clinical setting	1 RNA- result	Low	347	30	8.6	5.7	-	11.6
Gerlach (2003) [42]	1993–2003	Germany	Consecutive sampling	Clinical setting	≥1 RNA- result over 6 months	High	15	5	33.3	9.5	-	57.2
Gjeruldsen (2003) [43]	1997–1999	Norway	Consecutive sampling	Clinical setting	1 RNA- result	Moderate	50	8	16.0	5.8	-	26.2
Grebely (2007) [44]	1992–2005	Canada	Convenience sampling	Community-based setting	≥1 RNA- result	High	431	91	21.1	17.3	-	25.0
Hallinan (2007) [45]	2002–2005	Australia	Consecutive sampling	Drug treatment setting	1 RNA- result	Moderate	145	43	29.7	22.2	-	37.1
Hsieh (2014) [46]	2008–2010	China	Unspecified sampling	Correctional setting	Methods not reported	Low	513	99	19.3	15.9	-	22.7
Jauncey (2004) [47]	1992–2002	Australia	Consecutive sampling	Clinical setting	≥2 consecutive RNA- results	High	57	24	42.1	29.3	-	54.9
Keating (2005) [48]	1997–2001	Ireland	Consecutive sampling	Drug treatment setting	2 consecutive RNA- results separated by at least 12 months	High	496	191	38.5	34.2	-	42.8
Kielland (2013) [49]	1970–2008	Norway	Consecutive sampling	Drug treatment setting	1 RNA- result	Moderate	523	195	37.3	33.1	-	41.4
Lidman (2009) [50]	2004–2006	Sweden	Consecutive sampling	Clinical setting	1 RNA- result	Moderate	268	61	22.8	17.7	-	27.8
Mattsson (1993) [51]	1991–1993	Sweden	Consecutive sampling	Population-based setting	1 RNA- result	Moderate	12	4	33.3	6.7	-	60.0
Meyer (2007) [52]	2002–2007	Germany	Consecutive sampling	Correctional setting	≥1 RNA- result	Moderate	90	23	25.6	16.5	-	34.6
Osburn (2010) [53]	1997–2007	United States	Convenience sampling	Clinical, drug treatment, and community-based settings	≥1 RNA- result over 2 months	Moderate	113	31	27.4	19.2	-	35.7
Ostapowicz (1999) [54]	1990–1999	Australia	Unspecified sampling	Clinical setting	1 RNA- result	Moderate	142	2	1.4	−0.5	-	3.3
Page (2013) [55]	2000–2011	United States	Convenience sampling	Unspecified	≥2 RNA- results	High	109	26	23.9	15.9	-	31.9
Poustchi (2011) [56]	2004–2008	Iran	Other systematic	Clinical and research setting	1 RNA- result after 6 months	Moderate	28	4	14.3	1.3	-	27.2
Santantonio (2006) [57]	1999–2004	Italy	Unspecified sampling	Clinical setting	≥1 RNA- result w/in 6 months and ≥ 1 RNA- result for additional 6 months	Moderate	71	31	43.7	32.1	-	55.2
Shah (2012) [58]	2004–2007	United States	Convenience sampling	Community-based setting	1 RNA- result	Moderate	272	43	15.8	11.5	-	20.1
Thomas (2000) [59]	1988–1998	United States	Convenience sampling	Community-based organization	2 consecutive RNA- results separated by at least 5 months	High	919	90	9.8	7.9	-	11.7
van den Berg (2011) [60]	1985–2005	The Netherlands	Convenience sampling	Clinical and drug treatment settings	2 consecutive RNA- results separated by at least 4 months	Moderate	106	35	33.0	24.1	-	42.0
Wang (2007) [61]	2003–2005	United States	Unspecified sampling	Clinical and research setting	2 consecutive RNA- results	High	44	8	18.2	6.8	-	29.6

Fixed-effect meta-analysis estimate of the prevalence of spontaneous viral clearance (28 studies): 15.1 % (95 % CI 14.2, 16.0)
Random-effects meta-analysis estimate of the prevalence of spontaneous viral clearance (28 studies): 24.3 % (95 % CI 19.5, 29.1)
Heterogeneity: Q = 638.51, p < 0.001; I² = 95.8 %

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ISSN: 1471-2334

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