Table 3 Factors associated with acute bloody diarrhoea
From: Enteric pathogens and factors associated with acute bloody diarrhoea, Kenya
Factors | Cases | Controls | Odds Ratio | 95Â % CI | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n (%) | No n (%) | Yes n (%) | No n (%) | ||||
Main water source treated | 79 (42.5) | 107 (57.5) | 183 (47.8) | 200 (52.2) | 0.807 | 0.871–1.764 | 0.235 |
Drinking water covered | 222 (90.6) | 23 (9.4) | 470 (93.6) | 32 (6.4) | 0.657 | 0.376–1.149 | 0.139 |
Drinking water stored in super drum | 29 (10.2) | 255 (89.8) | 90 (17.3) | 431 (82.7) | 0.545 | .0349–0.851 | 0.007a |
Drinking water stored separately | 124 (49.8) | 125 (50.2) | 290 (57.9) | 211 (42.1) | 0.722 | 0.532–0.979 | 0.036a |
Coliform in household water | 44 (29.3) | 106 (70.7) | 40 (26.3) | 112 (73.7) | 0.341 | 0.702–1.924 | 0.341 |
Coliform in main water source | 43 (31.4) | 94 (68.6) | 26 (18.8) | 112 (81.2) | 1.971 | 1.127–3.446 | 0.016a |
Main water source protected | 131 (78.0) | 37 (22.0) | 135 (86.5) | 21 (13.5) | 0.551 | 0.306–0.991 | 0.045a |
Eating raw foods/vegetables | 230 (91.6) | 21 (8.6) | 475 (94.2) | 29 (5.8) | 0.669 | 0.373–1.198 | 0.174 |
Always reheat food before eating | 127 (55.5) | 102 (44.5) | 286 (59.5) | 195 (40.5) | 0.849 | 0.618–1.167 | 0.313 |
Eating from outside home | 120 (48.6) | 127 (51.4) | 208 (41.8) | 290 (58.2) | 1.317 | 0.969–1.790 | 0.078 |
Toilet present in the compound | 174 (69) | 78 (31) | 358 (71.9) | 140 (28.1) | 0.872 | 0.627–1.215 | 0.419 |
Toilet clean and covered | 224 (78.6) | 61 (21.4) | 408 (78.5) | 112 (21.5) | 1.008 | 0.709–1.433 | 0.964 |
Always hand-wash after defecating | 133 (53.6) | 115 (46.4) | 324 (65.2) | 173 (34.8) | 0.618 | 0.453–0.842 | 0.002a |
Washed hands after last defecation | 174 (74.7) | 59 (25.3) | 403 (86.3) | 64 (13.7) | 0.468 | 0.315–0.696 | 0.0001a |
Always wash hands after disposing child’s stool | 105 (56.8) | 80 (43.2) | 253 (65.4) | 134 (34.6) | 0.698 | 0.486–0.995 | 0.046a |
Always washing hands before food preparation | 119 (54.1) | 101 (45.9) | 256 (59.3) | 176 (50.7) | 0.81 | 0.584–1.124 | 0.207 |
Always washing hands before eating | 219 (87.3) | 32 (12.7) | 441 (89.1) | 54 (10.9) | 0.838 | 0.526–1.336 | 0.457 |
Poor compound cleanliness | 48 (19.2) | 202 (80.8) | 59 (12.1) | 429 (87.9) | 1.728 | 1.139–2.619 | 0.009a |
Entered livestock pen past 2 weeks | 31 (16.1) | 162 (83.9) | 63 (15.1) | 353 (84.9) | 1.072 | 0.671–1.713 | 0.771 |
Contact with livestock drinking water in the past 2 weeks | 21 (10) | 189 (90) | 33 (7.4) | 413 (92.6) | 1.391 | 0.784–2.468 | 0.258 |