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Table 5 Associations of antibody reactivities for seven hrHPVa; linear regression using GEEb

From: A cross-sectional study on the concordance between vaginal HPV DNA detection and type-specific antibodies in a multi-ethnic cohort of women from Amsterdam, the Netherlands – the HELIUS study

 

Back-transformed regression coefficientc

95 % CI

P-value

Adjusted back-transformed regression coefficientc

95 % CI

P-value

Cervico-vaginal HPV DNA

 No

1

 

0.005

1

 

0.007

 Yes

1.15

(1.04,1.27)

 

1.15

(1.04,1.27)

 

Age in yearsd

 19

1.47

(1.11,1.95)

 

1.54

(1.18,2.01)

 

 24

1

 

0.58

1

 

0.013

 29

1.17

(0.95,1.43)

 

1.10

(0.90,1.34)

 

 34

1.15

(0.89,1.48)

 

1.08

(0.84,1.39)

 

Ethnicitye

 Dutch

1

 

<0.001

1

 

<0.001

 South-Asian Surinamese

1.09

(0.86,1.39)

 

1.45

(1.13,1.85)

 

 African Surinamese

1.57

(1.25,1.98)

 

1.62

(1.29,2.03)

 

 Ghanaian

1.14

(0.89,1.48)

 

1.39

(1.07,1.82)

 

 Moroccan

0.76

(0.60,0.96)

 

1.13

(0.88,1.45)

 

 Turkish

0.73

(0.57,0.93)

 

1.07

(0.82,1.40)

 

Marital statusf

 Ever married/Cohabitating

1

 

<0.001

1

 

0.05

 Never married

1.30

(1.11,1.51)

 

1.19

(1.00,1.43)

 

Smoking status

      

 Never smoked

1

 

0.73

   

 Former smoker

1.10

(0.86,1.40)

    

 Current smoker

0.99

(0.83,1.19)

    

Smoking in pack years

 Never smoked

1

 

0.13

1

 

0.09

  < 2 years

1.18

(0.96,1.45)

 

1.01

(0.82,1.24)

 

  ≥ 2 years

0.91

(0.74,1.11)

 

0.81

(0.66,0.99)

 

Age of sexual debut in years

 Never had sex

1

 

<0.001

   

  ≥ 21

1.15

(0.90,1.47)

    

 19-20

1.36

(1.06,1.76)

    

 18-17

1.65

(1.32,2.07)

    

  ≤ 16

1.94

(1.56,2.41)

    

Lifetime male sexual partners

 None

1

 

<0.001

1

 

<0.001

 1

1.23

(0.99,1.53)

 

1.52

(1.20,1.92)

 

 2–5

1.60

(1.30,1.98)

 

1.66

(1.32,2.09)

 

 6–10

1.88

(1.47,2.40)

 

2.14

(1.63,2.82)

 

  ≥ 11

2.35

(1.77,3.11)

 

2.85

(2.06,3.95)

 
  1. CI, confidence interval; GEE, generalized estimating equations; hrHPV, high risk human papillomavirus. a Among 532 women from the population-based cohort HELIUS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2011–2013. bFor this analysis the antibody reactivity was transformed to its natural logarithm, and subsequently standardized by calculating Z-scores. cThe back-transformed regression coefficient is interpreted as being the factor by which the standardized antibody reactivities of women are higher in comparison to women in the reference category, which in this analysis is the HPV DNA negative group. d For analytic purposes age was modeled using restricted cubic splines with knots at the 5th, 35th, 65th and 95th percentile. The back-transformed regression coefficients of four ages from the total analysis with five years in between have been chosen for display in the table. e Effect estimates per ethnicity of vaginal hrHPV DNA detection for antibody reactivity in back-transformed regression coefficient (95 % CI): Dutch 1.19 (0.97,1.45), South-Asian Surinamese 1.21 (0.91,1.62), African Surinamese 0.98 (0.81,1.19), Ghanaian 0.99 (0.73,1.36), Moroccan 1.29 (1.00,1.66), Turkish 1.26 (0.98,1.61). fFor marital status, the small category of divorced women was added to the category of married or cohabitating women to prevent instability of the model. Multivariable models adjusted for age in years, ethnicity, marital status, smoking in pack years, number of lifetime male sexual partners
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BMC Infectious Diseases

ISSN: 1471-2334

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