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Table 4 Univariate analysis of potential predictors of mortality and neurological sequelae in patients with tuberculous meningitis

From: Clinical presentations, diagnosis, mortality and prognostic markers of tuberculous meningitis in Vietnamese children: a prospective descriptive study

Characteristic

Time to death (N = 100)

Neurological sequelae or death (N = 96)

Death/No at risk

HR (95 % CI)

P

Events/No at risk

OR (95 % CI)

P

Sex

 aMale

10/56 (17.9 %)

0.61

0.36

23/54 (42.6 %)

1.11

0.80

 Female

5/44 (11.4 %)

(0.21–1.78)

 

19/42 (45.2 %)

(0.49–2.52)

 

Age

 a<5 years

11/67 (16.5 %)

0.70

0.54

30/64 (46.9 %)

0.68

0.38

  ≥ 5 years

4/33 (12.1 %)

(0.22–2.20)

 

12/32 (37.5 %)

(0.28–1.61)

 

Duration of symptoms N = 89

1.00

0.4

–

1.01

0.43

(per +1 day)

 

(0.98–1.01)

  

(0.98–1.04)

 

Neck stiffness

 aNo

1/25 (4.0 %)

5.15

0.11

5/24 (20.8 %)

4.02

0.01

 Yes

14/75 (18.7 %)

(0.68–39.16)

 

37/72 (51.4 %)

(1.44–13.18)

 

HIV co-infection

 aNo

13/92 (14.1 %)

1.85

0.55

39/88 (44.3 %)

0.42

0.43

 Yes

1/4 (25.0 %)

(0.24–14.17)

 

1/4 (25.0 %)

(0.02–3.42)

 

BCS Grade

age <5 years

 aBI

0/43 (0 %)

1.00

<0.001

10/40 (25.0 %)

1.00

<0.001

 BII

3/12 (25.0 %)

27.96 b

 

9/12 (75.0 %)

9.00

 
  

(2.71–3760)

  

(2.21–47.06)

 

 BIII

8/12 (67.0 %)

94.64 b

 

11/12 (91.7 %)

33.00

 
  

(11.71–12,260)

  

(5.44–643.12)

 

TBM grade

(age ≥ 5 years)

 aI

1/16 (6.3 %)

1.00

0.28

2/15 (13.3 %)

1.00

0.01

 II

1/11 (9.1 %)

1.41

 

5/11 (45.5 %)

5.41

 
  

(0.09–22.5)

  

(0.81–36)

 

 III

2/6 (33.3 %)

6.26

 

5/6 (83.3 %)

32.5

 
  

(0.57–69.2)

  

(2.4–443)

 

Convulsions

 aNo

5/61 (8.2 %)

3.46

0.02

20/59 (33.9 %)

2.86

0.01

 Yes

10/39 (25.6 %)

(1.18–10.13)

 

22/37 (59.5 %)

(1.24–6.81)

 

Decreased level of consciousness

 aNo

1/58 (1.7 %)

22.9

<0.001

10/54 (18.5 %)

14.08

<0.001

 Yes

14/42 (33.3 %)

(3.01–174.3)

 

32/42 (76.2 %)

(5.46–39.85)

 

Focal neurological deficits

 aNo

0/53 (0 %)

15.66

0.01

6/50 (12.0 %)

15.4

<0.001

 Yes

4/32 (12.5 %)

(1.67–2075)

 

21/31 (67.7 %)

(5.22–51.96)

 

Extra meningeal TB

 aNo

6/51 (11.8 %)

2.3

0.11

19/57 (33.3 %)

2.87

0.01

 Yes

9/30 (30.0 %)

(0.82–6.45)

 

23/39 (59.0 %)

(1.25–6.80)

 

TB culture

 aNegative

2/14 (14.3 %)

2.72

0.33

4/16 (25.0 %)

4.50

0.16

 Positive

2/3 (66.7 %)

(0.38–19.4)

 

3/5 (60.0 %)

(0.56–45.4)

 

Hydrocephalusc

 aNo

2/31 (6.5 %)

3.46

0.10

6/31 (19.4 %)

9.72

<0.001

 Yes

6/30 (20.0 %)

(0.70–17.16)

 

21/30 (70.0 %)

(2.97–32)

 

Cranial nerve palsy

 No

14/70 (20.0 %)

5.42

0.10

29/70 (41.4 %)

0.71

0.45

 Yes

1/26 (3.8 %)

(0.71–42.2)

 

13/26 (50.0 %)

(0.29–1.75)

 

CSF Protein

N = 99

1.74

0.002

N = 94

1.65

0.01

(per + 1 g/L)

 

(1.22–2.49)

  

(1.14–2.51)

 

CSF Lactate

N = 77

1.14

0.04

N = 73

1.20

0.03

(per + 1 mmol/L)

 

(1.01–1.29)

  

(1.01–1.47)

 

CSF Glucose

N = 100

0.45

0.05

N = 96

0.65

0.10

(per + 1 mmol/L)

 

(0.20–0.98)

  

(0.38–1.08)

 
  1. aBaseline category. HR and OR give comparisons to the baseline category. P-value is an overall likelihood ratio test for the significance of the factor
  2. bModel fitted by logistic regression with Firth correction
  3. chydrocephalus diagnosed by MRI brain (43 patients or CT brain 19 patients)