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Table 4 Abdominal ultrasound examination findings in HIV cases with abdominal TB

From: Role of routine abdominal ultrasonography in intensified tuberculosis case finding algorithms at HIV clinics in high TB burden settings

Abdominal ultrasound examination findings

No. of patients (%)

Enlarged lymph nodesa, thickened bowel loops & hepatosplenomegaly

6 (3)

Enlarged lymph nodesa, thickened bowel loops & ascites

2 (1)

Enlarged lymph nodesa, splenic micro-abscesses & hepatosplenomegaly

5 (2.5)

Enlarged lymph nodesa, splenic micro-abscesses & ascites

2 (1)

Enlarged lymph nodesa, hepatosplenomegaly & ascites

1 (0.5)

Enlarged lymph nodesa & thickened bowel loops

9 (4.5)

Enlarged lymph nodesa & splenic micro-abscesses

16 (8)

Enlarged lymph nodesa & hepatosplenomegaly

35 (17.5)

Enlarged lymph nodesa & ascitis

4 (2)

Thickened bowel loops & hepatosplenomegalyb

12 (6)

Thickened bowel loops & ascites

1 (0.5)

Splenic micro-abscesses & hepatosplenomegalyb

2 (1)

Splenic micro-abscesses & ascites

1 (0.5)

Enlarged lymph nodes only

88 (44)

Ascites only

4 (2)

Thickened bowel loops onlyc

9 (4.5)

Splenic micro-abscesses onlyc

3 (1.5)

  1. aMultiple abdominal lymph nodes, more than 1.5 cm in size with areas of central necrosis seen as hypoechogenecity on USG, with or without evidence of matting
  2. bTwo minor USG findings were supported by presence of at least two symptoms suggestive of TB or microiologically confirmed TB at another site
  3. cOne minor USG findings were supported by presence of microbiologically confirmed TB at another site