Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the systematic review (n = 17)
First author, Year | Country | n exposed | n non-exposed | Exposed/non-exposed | Serum lipid levels in mg/dL: Mean ± SD or Median (IQR) | % dyslipidemia | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total cholesterol | HDL-C | LDL-C | Triglycerides | |||||||||||||
cases | controls | cases | controls | cases | controls | cases | controls | All | TC | TG | HDL | |||||
First trimester | ||||||||||||||||
 Luzi, 2013 [40] | Italy | 14 | 19 | HIV+/HIV- | 160 (106–215) | 154 (134–159) | 54 (52–63)* | 71 (61–82)* | 85 (51–136) | 70 (64–79) | 106 (51–212)* | 54 (47–72)* | - | - | - | - |
 Nasi, 2011 [38] | Italy | 68 | 23 | HIV+/HIV- | 176 ± 40 | - | 58 ± 11 | - | - | - | 103 ± 42 | - | - | - | - | - |
Second trimester | ||||||||||||||||
 Areechokchai, 2009 [41]* | Thailand | 246 | none | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.2 | - | - | - |
 Bonafe, 2013 [44] | Brazil | 31 | 32 | LPV/r increased/conventional dose | 185 | 186 | 56 | 57 | 95 | 90 | 186 | 193 | - | - | 2 | - |
 El Beitune, 2006 [29] | Brazil | 25 | 20 | PI-based/only ZDV regimen | - | - | - | - | - | - | 177 ± 12* | 135 ± 11* | - | - | - | - |
 Floridia, 2009 [26] | Italy | 86 | 289 | NVP/no NVP | 209 | 206 | 77** | 64** | 110 | 108 | 151 | 169 | - | 25.6 | 24.5 | 6.2 |
 Luzi, 2013 [40] | Italy | 14 | 19 | HIV+/HIV- | 191 (143–289)* | 238 (182–278)* | 67 (59–101) | 75 (65–91) | 104 (63–150)* | 128 (82–172)* | 153 (89–554) | 119 (96–187) | - | - | - | - |
 Machado, 2013 [31] | Brazil | 49 | none | - | 162 (145–177) | - | 52 (47–64) | - | - | - | 131 (90–180) | - | 0 | - |  |  |
 Nasi, 2011 [38] | Italy | 68 | 23 | HIV+/HIV- | 220 ± 51 | - | 79 ± 42 | - | - | - | 183 ± 82 | - | - | - | - | - |
 Omo-Aghoja, 2010 [32]* | Nigeria | 154 | 150 | pregnant/non-pregnant | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | - | - | - |
 Peixoto, 2011 [33] | Brazil | 164 | 70 | LPV/r increased/ conventional dose | 220 ± 53* | 205 ± 42* | - | - | - | - | 235 ± 93 | 232 ± 106 | - | 8.6/ 2.5 | 0/0.6 | - |
 Santini-Oliveira, 2014 [34]* | Brazil | 27 | 26 | LPV/r increased/ conventional dose | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.1/18.5 | 11.6/ 11.1 |  |
Third trimester | ||||||||||||||||
 Agostini, 2008 [28] | Argentina | 29 | none | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 62.1 | 62.1 | - |
 Cade, 2015 [35] | US | 16 | 14 | HIV+/HIV- | 179 ± 38 | 205 ± 39 | 60 ± 12 | 66 ± 16 | 87 ± 37 | 109 ± 23 | 160 ± 61 | 150 ± 36 | - | - | - | - |
 Calza, 2012 [42] | Italy | 21 | 20 | pregnant/non-pregnant | 189 ± 59 | 171 ± 45 | 49 ± 21 | 45 ± 19 | 112 ± 32 | 104 ± 41 | 209 ± 105 | 226 ± 117 | - | 29 | 48 | - |
 Duran, 2006 [37] | Argentina | 351 | none | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.2 | 7.4 | - |
 El Beitune, 2006 [29] | Brazil | 25 | 20 | PI-based/only ZDV regimen | - | - | - | - | - | - | 227 ± 17* | 176 ± 14* | - | - | - | - |
 Floridia, 2014 [27] | Italy | 322 | 106 | lopinavir/atazanavir | 239 (201–272)** | 221 (194–250)** | 65 (56–75) | 64 (57–73) | 124 (97–154) | 115 (90–145) | 226 (182–309)** | 181 (142–236)** | - | - | - | - |
 Livingston 2007 [30] | US | 81 | 77 | PI/no PI | 230 (197–159)* | 212 (179–246)* | 61 (50–69) | 63 (54–74) | - | - | 224 (187–288)** | 185 (142–230)** | - | - | - | - |
 Luzi, 2013 [40] | Italy | 14 | 19 | HIV+/HIV- | 200 (136–258)** | 302 (272–331)** | 71 (55–141) | 67 (58–90) | 111 (41–155)** | 177 (111–195)** | 191 (105–370) | 178 (132–383) | - | - | - | - |
 Nasi, 2011 [38] | Italy | 68 | 23 | HIV+/HIV- | 232 ± 63 | - | 73 ± 18 | - | - | - | 231 ± 117 | - | - | - | - | - |
 Ramautarsing 2011 [36] | Thailand | 20 | none | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | - |