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Table 2 Comparison of characteristics between the survived and deceased groups

From: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in febrile neutropenic children and adolescents with the impact of antibiotic resistance: a retrospective study

Factor

Survived group

(n = 22)

Deceased group

(n = 14)

P value

Male sex

13 (59.1)

13 (92.9)

0.054

Age (years), mean ± SD

9.2 ± 5.3

10.0 ± 5.7

0.663

Underlying disorders

0.294

 Acute myeloid leukemia

 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

 Severe aplastic anemia

 Neuroblastoma

 Lymphoma

 Severe combined immune deficiency

12 (54.5)

6 (27.3)

3 (13.6)

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

3 (21.4)

6 (42.9)

2 (14.3)

1 (7.1)

1 (7.1)

1 (7.1)

Remission state of underlying malignancya

0.199

 Complete remission

 Non-complete remission

7 (36.8)

12 (63.2)

1 (9.1)

10 (90.9)

Administered therapy preceding bacteremia

0.123

 Induction chemotherapy

 Re-induction chemotherapy

 Consolidation chemotherapy

 Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation

 Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

 Palliative chemotherapy

 Noneb

2 (9.1)

8 (36.4)

6 (27.3)

0 (0.0)

2 (9.1)

2 (9.1)

2 (9.1)

0 (0.0)

5 (35.7)

0 (0.0)

1 (7.1)

2 (14.3)

5 (35.7)

1 (7.1)

Central venous catheter

0.318

 Hickman catheter

 Subcutaneously implanted chemoport

 None

17 (77.3)

3 (13.6)

2 (9.1)

10 (71.4)

4 (28.6)

0 (0.0)

Polymicrobial infection

4 (18.2)

5 (35.7)

0.267

Breakthrough infection

2 (9.1)

6 (42.9)

0.036

Local infection

15 (68.2)

11 (78.6)

0.706

 Gastrointestinal tract infection

 Respiratory tract infection

 Skin and soft tissue infection

 Catheter site infection

9 (40.9)

4 (18.2)

5 (22.7)

2 (9.1)

6 (42.9)

7 (50.0)

2 (14.3)

0 (0.0)

0.908

0.067

0.681

0.511

Empirical antibiotic therapy

0.008

 Piperacillin/tazobactam with aminoglycoside

 Meropenem

 Cefepime

 Cefepime with aminoglycoside

 Meropenem with aminoglycoside

13 (59.1)

4 (18.2)

3 (13.6)

2 (9.1)

0 (0.0)

3 (21.4)

10 (71.4)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1 (7.1)

Empirical combination antibiotic therapy

15 (68.2)

4 (28.6)

0.039

Appropriateness of empirical antibiotics

 Overall

 β-lactam agents

21 (95.5)

16 (72.7)

9 (64.3)

8 (57.1)

0.024

0.471

Fever duration (days), median (range)

2 (1–53)

4 (1–14)

0.713

Complications

 Hypoxia

 Shock

 Mechanical ventilator care

 Renal dysfunction

 Hepatic dysfunction

4 (18.2)

2 (9.1)

3 (13.6)

2 (9.1)

1 (4.5)

0 (0.0)

13 (92.9)

12 (85.7)

10 (71.4)

6 (42.9)

7 (50.0)

4 (28.6)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.036

0.003

0.017

Multidrug-resistant strain infections

4 (18.2)

9 (64.3)

0.005

  1. SD, standard deviation
  2. aRemission state of underlying malignancy was determined in 30 children except those with non-malignant underlying disorders
  3. bThree children with severe aplastic anemia had not received any therapy prior to the development of bacteremia