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Table 2 Characteristics of sampling, culture and serotyping techniques

From: Prevalence and serotype distribution of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in China: a meta-analysis

Author

Type of swabs

Immediately incubated into plates or not

Transportation period

Culture plates

Culture into the 5% CO2

Identification methods

Serotyping methods

Storage medium

Guoling Ping [11]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Latex agglutination

N/A

Skim milk powder

Yakun Liu [12]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Yan Kang [13]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Liping Zhang [14]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Latex agglutination

N/A

N/A

Hongmei Yang [15]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

PCR

N/A

Skim milk powder

Fan Yang [16]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

Quellung

Sheep and broth

Yali Liu [17]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

Quellung

Skim milk powder

Hao Li [18]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Latex agglutination

N/A

Glycerol broth

Xiyuan Zhao [19]

NP

Yes

0.5 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Ancun Hou [20]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Jun Liu [21]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Fuqin Li [22]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Jianping Liang [23]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Mingzhi Di [24]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Latex agglutination

N/A

N/A

Yongming He [25]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Latex agglutination

N/A

Skim milk powder

Chunzhen Hua [26]

NP

Nutrition broth then subculture

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Latex agglutination

N/A

N/A

Sangjie Yu [27]

NP

Nutrition broth then subculture

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

Quellung

N/A

Ziyong Sun [28]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

Quellung

N/A

Hong Zhou [29]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

Skim milk powder

Lihua Zhang [30]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Latex agglutination

N/A

N/A

Hui Wang [31]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

Quellung

Skim milk powder

Hui Chen [32]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Jing Zhang [33]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

Quellung

N/A

Aiying Bai [34]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Zhipeng Gao [35]

NP

Yes

N/A

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Benquan Wu [36]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Lihua Jiang [37]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Zhigang Lai [38]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Latex agglutination

N/A

N/A

Defeng Zhao [39]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

Quellung

N/A

Youqun Zeng [40]

NP

Yes

N/A

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

NY Lee [41]

nasal

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

Quellung

N/A

Jiayu Hu [42]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

Quellung

N/A

Xiaoming Luo [43]

NP

Yes

N/A

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Yanhui Liu [44]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Latex agglutination

N/A

Skim milk powder

Yanjie Liu [45]

NP

Yes

4 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Xinghua Cao [46]

NP

Yes

4 h

5% sheep blood agar

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

Dongke Chen [47]

NP

Yes

0.5 h

TSA + 5% sheep blood + 5 μg/ml gentamicin

Yes

Optochin disk +bile solubility

N/A

N/A

  1. NP nasopharyngel swab, TSA Trypticase soy agar, N/A not mentioned or not acquired