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Table 4 Viral and bacterial infection status and in-hospital mortality among pneumonia patients by age group

From: The impact of virus infections on pneumonia mortality is complex in adults: a prospective multicentre observational study

 

Total, n = 2617

15–64 y, n = 580

65–74 y, n = 447

75–84 y, n = 848

85 y+, n = 742

 

No. death/no. cases (% mortality)

ARRa (95% CI)

No. death/no. cases (% mortality)

ARRa (95% CI)

No. death/no. cases (% mortality)

ARRa (95% CI)

No. death/no. cases (% mortality)

ARRa (95% CI)

No. death/no. cases (% mortality)

ARRa (95% CI)

HRV

14/234 (6.0)

0.86 (0.51–1.45)

2/63 (3.2)

1.60 (0.38–6.65)

3/37 (8.1)

1.16 (0.38–3.59)

3/66 (4.6)

0.55 (0.17–1.74)

6/68 (8.8)

0.87 (0.40–1.93)

Inf A/B

10/110 (9.1)

1.13 (0.60–2.13)

1/25 (4.0)

1.74 (0.17–17.74)

1/15 (6.7)

1.03 (0.12–8.86)

3/31 (9.7)

0.93 (0.29–2.99)

5/39 (12.8)

1.44 (0.58–3.61)

Paramyxovirus (RSV/hMPV/PIV1–4)

5/212 (2.4)

0.29 (0.12–0.71)

0/35 (0.0)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

1/40 (2.5)

0.41 (0.06–3.01)

3/70 (4.3)

0.44 (0.14–1.39)

1/67 (1.5)

0.15 (0.02–1.05)

Other viruses (HAdV/HBoV/HCoV)

2/18 (11.1)

1.62 (0.42–6.18)

1/6 (16.7)

4.30 (0.63–29.53)

0/3 (0.0)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

1/7 (14.3)

1.66 (0.26–10.64)

0/2 (0.0)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

Multiple viruses

4/31 (12.9)

1.69 (0.67–4.27)

0/8 (0.0)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

1/7 (14.3)

2.63 (0.37–18.75)

0/6 (0.0)

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

3/10 (30.0)

2.72 (0.88–8.46)

No virus

158/2012 (7.9)

Reference

15/443 (3.4)

Reference

25/345 (7.3)

Reference

62/668 (9.3)

Reference

56/556 (10.1)

Reference

  

ARRb(95% CI)

 

ARRb(95% CI)

 

ARRb(95% CI)

 

ARRb(95% CI)

 

ARRb(95% CI)

Only viruses

19/359 (5.3)

0.66 (0.41–1.07)

2/71 (2.8)

0.96 (0.18–5.02)

1/56 (1.8)

0.27 (0.03–2.20)

7/111 (6.3)

0.70 (0.32–1.56)

9/121 (7.4)

0.68 (0.34–1.39)

Only bacterial pathogens

51/746 (6.8)

0.90 (0.65–1.25)

5/199 (2.5)

0.82 (0.28–2.42)

10/148 (6.8)

1.02 (0.48–2.17)

21/219 (9.6)

1.05 (0.64–1.74)

15/180 (8.3)

0.76 (0.43–1.35)

Viral-bacterial co-infection

16/246 (6.5)

0.85 (0.51–1.41)

2/66 (3.0)

1.31 (0.25–6.80)

5/46 (10.9)

1.75 (0.67–4.60)

3/69 (4.4)

0.46 (0.14–1.49)

6/65 (9.2)

0.85 (0.37–1.94)

No viral or bacterial pathogens

107/1266 (8.5)

Reference

10/244 (4.1)

Reference

15/197 (7.6)

Reference

41/449 (9.1)

Reference

41/376 (10.9)

Reference

  1. ARR adjusted risk ratio, CI confidence interval, HRV human rhinovirus, InfA influenza A virus, RSV respiratory syncytial virus, PIV1–4 human parainfluenza virus type 1–4, HMPV human metapneumovirus, InfB influenza B virus, HCoV human coronavirus (229E/OC43), HAdV human adenovirus, HBoV human bocavirus
  2. aAdjusted for age, study site, comorbidity status, duration of symptoms, month of diagnosis, antibiotic use, and presence of bacteria
  3. bAdjusted for age, study site, comorbidity status, duration of symptoms, month of diagnosis, and antibiotic use