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Table 3 Characteristics of publications – Clinical trials (N = 11)

From: Mathematical models used to inform study design or surveillance systems in infectious diseases: a systematic review

First author, year

Infection

 

Population

Model

 

Main outcome

Design outcome(s)

Remarks

 

Epidemiological category

Name

 

Type a

Structured/Network b

   

Atlas, 1993 [28]

Human, water-borne

Cryptosporidium

Volunteer subjects

Compartmental - deterministicc

No/No

Probability of infection

- Sample size

Exprimental study

Lipsitch, 2001 [29]

Human, respiratory

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Not described

Compartmental - deterministic

No/No

Simple and conditional odds-ratios

- Timing of sampling

Wu, 2002 [30]; Wu, 2005 [39]

Human, STI

HIV

Within-host (cells)

Compartmental - deterministic

No/No

HIV viral load change

- Timing of sampling

- Frequency

- Number

- Sample size

- Power

Statistical model used for fitting data

Clermont, 2004 [31]

Human, bacterial

Generic Gram-negative pathogen

Within-host (virtual infected patients)

Compartmental - deterministic

Yes/No

Identify people who will well respond to the anti-tumor necrosis factor

- Whom

Hallett, 2008 [32]

Human, STI

HIV

Heterosexual population

Compartmental - deterministic

Yes/Yes

HIV incidence rate ratio

- Follow-up

- Sample size

- Power

Dimitrov, 2013 [33]

Human, STI

HIV

Heterosexual population representative of sub-saharan Africa

Compartmental - deterministic

Yes/No

HIV incidence

- Sample size

- Power

Nishiura, 2013 [34]

Animal

influenza A viruses

Ferret in cages

Compartmental - stochastic

No/No

Number of pairs to include in 1-to-1 transmission studies

- Sample size

- Power

Cori, 2014 [35]; Hayes, 2014 [40]

Human, STI

HIV

Adults, 18-44y, South Africa and Zambia

Compartmental - deterministic

Yes/Yes

HIV incidence

- Monitoring

- Power

Effectively used to plan a three-arm cluster RCT

Cuadros, 2014 [36]

Human, STI

HIV

Serodiscordant couples; male population

IBM

No/Yes

HIV incidence

- Power

Scott, 2014 [37]

Human, respiratory

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Infants

Compartmental - deterministic

Yes/No

Vaccine efficacy against acquisition and/or duration

- Follow-up

- Timing of sampling

- Monitoring

Herzog, 2015 [38]

Human, STI

Chlamydia trachomatis

Women

Compartmental - deterministic

No/No

Pelvic inflammatory disease incidence

- Follow-up

- Sample size

- Power

  1. amodel type: IBM – individual based model; b structured: population structure is reflected in model, network: network of contacts between individuals is explicitly modelled; c model seen as compartmental model