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Table 3 Predictors of progression from normal haematocrit pre-treatment to anaemia within one week post-initiation of artemisinin-based combination treatments in <5 year-old children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria

From: Factors contributing to anaemia after uncomplicated falciparum malaria in under five year-old Nigerian children ten years following adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapies as first-line antimalarials

Variable

Total no.

No. with anaemia 1 week post-initiation of ACTs

OR (95% CI)

P value

AOR (95% CI)

P value

Gender

 Female

278

132

1

   

 Male

325

168

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

0.34

–

–

Age (month)

 > 15

541

255

1

 

1

 

 ≤ 15

58

42

2.9 (1.6–5.4)

< 0.0001

2.5 (1.4–4.7)

0.003

Duration of illness (day)

 ≤ 2

203

101

1

   

 > 2

192

100

1.0 (0.7–1.6)

1.0

–

–

Enrolment body temperature (°C)

 ≤ 37.4

214

104

1

   

 > 37.4

390

197

1.1 (1.0–1.9)

0.71

–

–

History of fever at enrolment

 Absent

99

39

1

 

1

 

 Present

505

262

1.7 (1.1–2.6)

0.03

1.8 (1.1–2.9)

0.01

Fever on day 1

 Absent

501

255

1

   

 Present

70

38

1.1 (0.7–1.9)

0.69

–

–

Haematocrit (%)

 > 35

140

42

1

 

1

 

 ≤ 35

464

259

2.9 (2.0–4.4)

< 0.0001

2.9 (1.9–4.4)

<0.0001

Parasitaemia (μL−1)

 ≤ 50,000

434

213

1

   

 > 50,000

166

87

1.1 (0.8–1.6)

0.52

–

–

Parasitaemia on day 1

 Absent

244

111

1

   

 Present

360

190

1.3 (1.0–1.9)

0.09

–

–

Parasitaemia day 1 or 2

 Absent

233

104

1

 

1

 

 Present

371

197

1.4 (1.0–2.0)

0.04

1.3 (0.9–1.9)

0.11

Gametocytaemia

 Absent

579

289

1

   

 Present

25

12

0.9 (0.4–2.1)

1.0

–

–

Parasite clearance time (day)

 ≤ 2

468

234

1

   

 > 2

136

67

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

0.96

–

–

Fever clearance time (day)

 ≤ 2

367

186

1

   

 > 2

13

9

1.9 (0.9–4.3)

0.13

–

–

Season of enrolment

 Dry (November–March)

45

17

1

   

 Wet (April–October)

559

284

1.7 (0.9–3.2)

0.13

–

–

Drug treatment

 DHP

226

110

1

   

 AL

191

101

1.2 (0.8–1.7)

0.49

–

–

 AA

187

90

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

1.0

  
  1. OR odd ratio, AOR adjusted odd ratio, CI confidence interval, DHP dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, AL artemether-lumefantrine, AA artesunate-amodiaquine, ACTs artemisinin-based combination treatments