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Table 1 Details of 38 cases of primary laryngeal Aspergillosis in immunocompetent patients reported over the period of 50 years, (English literature)

From: Primary invasive laryngeal mycosis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and clinico-epidemiological update

Case

Reference

Age/gender

Geographical area

Clinical presentation

Initial diagnosis

Associated factors

Diagnosis method

Fungal culture

Aspergillus species involved

treatment

Follow up period and Outcome

1

Rao PB. 1969

48/M

Pondicherry, S. India

Hoarseness of voice

NA

None

HE

No

NA

No treatment

2 M-asymptomati

2

Ferlito A. et al. 1974

76/M

Verona, Italy

Hoarseness of voice

NA

None

HE

No

NA

No treatment

2 M- asymptomatic

3

Kheir SM et al. 1983

50/M

Birmingham, UK

Hoarseness of voice

Malignancy

COPD

HE and Immunofluorescence studies

No

NA

Topical nystatin powder

24 M- asymptomatic

4

Benson-Mitchell R et al. 1994

62/M

London, UK

Hoarseness of voice

Malignancy

None

HE

No

NA

No treatment

2 M- asymptomatic

5

Nong D, et al. 1997

30–40 4 M + 4F

China

Hoarseness of voice leading to aphonia, sore throat,

Acute laryn giti, TB, malignancy

None

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

6

Beust L, et al.. 1998

53/M

Rennes, France

Hoarseness of voice, respiratory distress

None

None

HE

No

NA

Laryngectomy

3 M- asymptomatic

7

Fairfax AJ, et al. 1999

75/M

Staffor, UK

Hoarseness of voice, aphonia

None

None

HE and culture

Yes

A. fumigatus

AMP-lozenges, 10 mg-4 W

1 M- Improved

8

Dean CM, et al. 2001

17/F

Philadelphia, USA.

Hoarseness of voice, vocal fatigue

None

NG

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

9

Ogawa Y, et al. 2002

73/M

Tokyo, Japan

Hoarseness of voice (History of Radiotherapy and DB)

Malignancy

None

HE, surgery

NO

NA

Oral ITCZ- 8 W and AMP-B gargle

2 M- No recurrence

10

Wittkopf J, et al. 2006

62/F

Iowa, USA

Fluctuating hoarseness

True vocal fold cyst (? aspergilloma)

Type II DB (well-controlled), hypertension, and GERD

HE

No

NA

Surgery

NA- No recurrence

11

Ran Y, et al. 2008

36/F

China

Hoarseness of voice, vocal fatigue

None

Dexamethasone therapy for rhinitis and asthma

HE, KOH, SEM and Culture

Yes

a A fumigatus

Oral ITCZ (200 mg bd-4 W)

1 M- asymptomatic

12

Liu YC, et al. 2010

30/F

32/F

Hangzhou, China

Hoarseness of voice

True vocal cord cyst

Vocal abuse, broad spectrum antibiotic therapy

HE and Culture and FFPE-PCR

Yes (no growth)

a A. fumigatus

Oral ITCZ (200 mg bd- 4 W)

1 M- asymptomatic

13

Ran Y, et al. 2011

30/F

Chengdu, China

Hoarseness of voice, vocal fatigue, expectoration, and occasional vomiting

Laryngitis

Vocal abuse, oral Antibiotics and dexamethasone use

HE, KOH, SEM and Culture

Yes

a A fumigatus

Oral ITCZ (200 mg bd- first 2 W, 200 mg qd next 2 W

1 M- asymptomatic

14

Sundarray C et al. 2011

NA

Cuttack, India

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

15

Ran Y, et al. 2013

23/F

China

Hoarseness of voice, severe paroxysmal cough, tachypnea

None

Oral sex

HE, SEM and Culture

Yes

a A. fumigatus

Oral ITCZ (200 mg bd- 4 W

1 M- asymptomatic

16

Doloi PK, et al. 2014

35/F

Assam, India

Hoarseness of voice, cough

None

Keratosis of the larynx

HE, KOH and Culture

Yes

A. fumigatus

Oral ITCZ (100 mg qd- 3 W)

3 W- asymptomatic

17

Al-Ogaili Z, et al. 2014

77/F

Australia

Dysphagia and hoarseness

Lymphoma

Smoking,inhaled corticosteroids

HE and Culture

Yes

Not speciated

NA

NA

18

Gangopadhyay M, et al. 2014

42/M

West Bengal, India.

Hoarsenes, fever, cough with expectoration

Malignancy

Smoking, vocal abuse

HE, and Culture

Yes

A. niger

Oral ITCZ

18 M- asymptomatic

19

Ravikumar et al. 2014

34/F

52/F

38/M

Tamil Nadu, India

Hoarseness, cough, Dysphagia, vocal fatigue

None

NA GERD

HE and KOH mount

No

NA

Oral ITCZ (100 mg bd- 3 W)

3 W- asymptomatic

20

David et al. 2014

59/F

Sydney, Australia

Hoarseness of voice

None

Asthma- fluticasone therapy

HE

No

NA

Oral ITCZ

NA: No recurrence

21

M Dutta, et al. 2015

45/F

WB, India

Hoarseness of voice

Malignancy

None

HE, KOH and Culture

Yes

A. fumigatus

Oral ITCZ (300 mg qd-3 W)

6 M- asymptomatic

22

JCR Villanueva, et al. 2015

28/F

Philippines

Hoarseness of voice

Antibiotics and steroids

None

HE

No

No

Oral VCZ (400 mg qd– 4 W)

1 M- asymptomatic

23

Arpita Saha, et al. 2015

28/F

Odisha, India

severe dysphonia

None

Asthma, long-term steroid inhaler, vocal abuse, broadspectrum antibiotics

HE, and Culture

Yes

A. fumigatus

VCZ (200 mg bd-8 days)

2 W- asymptomatic

24

Santosh Kumar Swain et al. 2016

35/M

Orissa, India

Hoarseness of voice

Flute player

Malignancy

HE, KOH and Culture

Yes

A. fumigatus

Oral ITCZ- 100 mg bd- 3 W

6 M- asymptomatic

25

Richard H. et al.. 2016

73/F

USA

persistent hoarseness

None

Inhaled and oral corticosteroids, and nebulized tobramycin

HE

NO

NA

Oral ITCZ-20 W

5 M- asymptomatic

26

Santosh Kumar et al. 2017

12/M

India

Hoarseness of voice

None

Asthma, inhaled corticosteroids, microlaryngeal surgery with stripping of the vocal cords

HE, and Culture

Yes

A. fumigatus

Oral ITCZ-50 mg bd- 3 W

3 W- asymptomatic

27

Soumen Chatterjee et.al. 2017

43/F

India West Bengal

Hoarseness of voice

None

None

HE, KOH and Culture

Yes

A. fumigatus

Oral ITC -100 mg bd- 8 W

1 M- asymptomatic

28

Present study

22/M

Nepal

hoarseness and frequent expectoration

None

None

HE, KOH, Culture and FFPET-PCR assay

Yes

a A. fumigatus

Oral ITCZ- 4 W

1 M- asymptomatic

No recurrence

  1. Legend: aSpecies identified via sequencing; HE Histopathological examination, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ITCZ Itraconazole, W Weeks, M Month, AMP-B Amphotericin B, DM Diabetes mellitus, GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease, SEM scanning electron microscopy, VCZ Voriconazole