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Table 3 Main features of reported cases of Helcococcus ovis infections

From: Helcococcus ovis in a patient with an artificial eye: a case report and literature review

Author

Infected animal

Helcococcus ovis

Diagnosis

Isolation source

Treatment

Outcome

Other Bacteria

Methods of identification

Collins,1999a [2]

sheep1; sheep2

CCUG 37441(s840–96-2)1;

CCUG 390412

N.A.1;subclinical mastitis2

lung, liver and spleen.1; milk of sheep2

N.A.

1: death; 2:N.A.

Arcanobacterium pyogenes1; Staphylococcus spp2.

-API rapid ‘ID32 strep and API ZYM systems (bioMerieux) -PFGE

-16 s rRNA gene sequencing

Post,2003 [18]

bovine

one single base change vs CCUG 37441

valvular endocarditis

atrioventricular heart valve, lung, liver

Various antimicrobial agents (details N.A.)

death

Escherichia coli

-16S rRNA gene sequencing

Rothschild, 2004 [16]b

horse

one single base change (99.93%) vs CCUG 37441

pulmonary abscess

abscess fluid1; transtracheal wash2

penicillin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin(whole 8 months);

trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (later 2 months)

1: recover but recurring pleuropneumonia;

2: recovering well.

none1; Pseudomonas spp2

-API 20 Strep kit (Biomerieux)-16S rDNA gene sequencing

Kutzer, 2008 [17]

Bovines(55)c

at least 99.7% vs CCUG 37441

valvular endocarditis

hearts

N.A.

1 death; other N.A.

16 none;

1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Enterococcus faecalis;

1 Streptococcus dysgalactiae.

-16S rRNA gene sequencing -API rapid ID 32 Strep and API ZYM kits (bioMe’rieux, Nu¨rtingen, Germany)

-Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

Zhang, 2009 [19]

sheep

100% match vs CCUG 37441

pleuritis and bronchopneumonia

lung tissue

N.A.

death

Nocardia spp.; Bacillus spp; Staphylococcus aureus

-16S rDNA gene sequencing

Bilk, 2011 [13]

bovine(29)d

at least 99.4% vs CCUG 37441

18 valvular endocarditis;

7 metritis and/or bortions;

3 bronchopneumonia;

1 ulcerative glossitis

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

-16S rRNA gene sequencing -API rapid ID 32 Strep and API ZYM kits (bioMe’rieux, Nu¨rtingen, Germany)

-Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

García,2012 [20]

goat

H41-Yamagata-080523 (one single base change vs CCUG 37441)

purulent bronchopneumoniaand pulmonary abscesses

lung tissues

tetracycline

death

none

-16S rRNA gene sequencing

Schwaiger,2012 [11]

bovine

N.A.

mastitis

milk

N.A.

N.A.

A. pyogenes, Peptoniphilus/Peptostreptococcus

-VITEK system (bioMérieux Deutschland GmbH, Nürtingen, Germany).

-PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism

Locatelli,2013 [12]

bovine

1105 (99%,single base change CCUG 37441)

puerperal metritis

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

Escherichia coli

-API Systems (bioMérieux, Marcy l..Etoile, France).

-16S rRNA gene sequencing

AHVLAe, 2014 [21]

bovine

N.A.

abortion

stomach contents

N.A.

fetus death

none

-16S rRNA gene sequencing

  1. Note: NA means Not Available, not mentioned in original article
  2. aCollins’s study contained two sheeps; 1 means the first sheep, while 2 means the other one. bRothschild’s study mentioned one horse, but two isolates of Helcococcus ovis were recovered from this horse. 1 means the first time that H.ovis was isolated from abscess fluid, while 2 means H.ovis was isolated from transtracheal wash. c55 cases of bovine were collected in Kutzer’s study. And 18 strains of Helcococcus ovis were isolated. d29 means the number of the bovine in Bilk’s study, and 29 strains of Helcococcus ovis were isolated. eAnimal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency’s (AHVLA’s) disease surveillance report