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Table 4 Relationship between vaccine-related variables (number of doses, presence of catch up campaign, year of implementation, vaccine type and extent of vaccination program), and pneumococcal carriage in the participating individuals

From: Distribution of serotypes and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among commensal Streptococcus pneumoniae in nine European countries

Models

Reference variable

Comparative variables

OR*

p value**

Basic model:

 Model 1: vaccination

Vaccinated

Not vaccinated

0.70 (0.55–0.89)

0.00**

Unknown vaccination status

0.76 (0.54–1.05)

0.10

Models after addition vaccination program characteristics separately:

 Model 2: vaccine dose

2 + 1b

3 + 1a

1.39 (0.66–2.92)

0.37

 Model 3: catch up campaign conduction

Catch up campaign conductedc

No catch up campaign conductedd

0.76 (0.54–1.05)

0.41

 Model 4: period since the vaccine implementation

implemented for one year

implemented for more than one year

1.05 (0.88–1.25)

0.53

 Model 5: type of vaccine

PCV 7

PCV 7, PCV10 and PCV 13

1.00 (0.39–2.55)

0.98

PCV 10 and PCV 13

0.80 (0.31–1.87)

0.65

 Model 6: extent of vaccination program

risk based and universal e

Risk based g

0.57 (0.17–1.87)

0.36

Universal f

0.43 (0.14–1.33)

0.14

  1. *OR adjusted for countries, age and general practitioner; **p <  0.05 is significant