Study Details | Outcome Examined | Multivariable Associations Reported | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author/Year | Country | Study Design/Dates | Population | STBBI Outcome | Condom Use Outcome | Individual & Interpersonal Determinants | Structural Determinants |
Fournet et al., 2016 [22] | Netherlands | Cross-sectional 2006–2012 | 3053 male sex workers | Prevalence of HIV (2.5%), STI (18.1%; syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea) |  | HIV+ status was positively associated with younger age (aRR 2.74, 95%CI 1.15–6.50), and sexual minority (aRR 24.41, 95%CI 3.37–176.88); Bacterial STIs were positively associated with younger age (aRR 2.30, 95%CI 1.83–2.88), sexual minority (aRR 1.62, 95%CI 1.27–2.06), previous STI in past 2 years (aRR 1.39, 95%CI 1.15–1.68), and HIV+ status (aRR 2.71, 95%CI 1.68–2.64) | HIV+ status was positively associated with not having a previous HIV test (aRR 2.59, 95%CI 1.56–4.29) |
Grov et al., 2015 [52] | USA | Cross-sectional | 387 male sex workers (internet-based escorts) |  | Unprotected anal sex with last client and last non-client | Condomless anal sex with last client was positively associated with depression (aOR 1.13, 95%CI 1.02–1.25); Condomless anal sex with last non-client was positively associated with HIV+ status (aOR 12.29, 95%CI 1.56–96.92) |  |
Mc Grath-Lone et al., 2014 [88] | England | Cross-sectional Jan-Dec 2011 | 488 male sex workers | Prevalence of HIV (3.7%), syphilis (2.6%), chlamydia (24.7%), gonorrhoea (17.4%) |  |  | Being a migrant male sex worker vs. UK-born was positively associated with prevalence of chlamydia (aOR 2.20, 95%CI 1.08–4.49) |
Sethi et al., 2006 [21] | England (London) | Cross-sectional 1994–2003 | 823 male sex workers | HIV prevalence (9.3%); HIV incidence (49 cases) |  | HIV infection was positively associated with injection drug use and unprotected anal sex with casual partner | HIV incidence was positively associated with first attending the clinic earlier, in 1994–1996 vs. 1997–1999 (p = 0.007) or vs. 2000–2003 (p = 0.02) |