Factors | n | % | OR | 95%CI | p-value | ORAdj | 95%CI | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||||||
 Male | 312 | 37.3 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Female | 524 | 62.7 | 0.70 | 0.47–1.06 | 0.707 |  |  |  |
Age (years) | ||||||||
 15–17 | 492 | 58.9 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
 18–20 | 248 | 29.7 | 2.14 | 1.38–3.34 | 0.001a | 2.13 | 1.35-3.29 | 0.001a |
 21–24 | 96 | 11.4 | 2.39 | 1.33–4.30 | 0.004a | 2.39 | 1.05-3.90 | 0.005a |
Tribe | ||||||||
 Akha | 251 | 30.0 | 3.05 | 1.05–8.87 | 0.040a | 3.12 | 1.07-9.12 | 0.037a |
 Lahu | 110 | 13.2 | 4.30 | 1.41–13.10 | 0.010a | 3.71 | 1.21-11.41 | 0.022a |
 Hmong | 132 | 15.8 | 3.65 | 1.20–11.02 | 0.022a | 3.84 | 1.26-11.69 | 0.018a |
 Yao | 136 | 16.3 | 2.09 | 0.66–6.60 | 0.207. | 2.46 | 0.77–7.87 | 0.127 |
 Karen | 130 | 15.5 | 2.02 | 0.63–6.45 | 0.232 | 1.86 | 0.58–5.98 | 0.293 |
 Lisu | 77 | 9.2 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Marital status | ||||||||
 Single | 791 | 94.6 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Other | 45 | 5.4 | 2.26 | 1.11–4.60 | 0.025a |  |  |  |
Number of family members (persons) | ||||||||
 1–3 | 92 | 11.0 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 4–6 | 529 | 63.3 | 1.40 | 0.67–2.92 | 0.361 |  |  |  |
 7–10 | 181 | 21.7 | 1.47 | 0.65–3.31 | 0.343 |  |  |  |
  ≥ 11 | 34 | 4.1 | 1.97 | 0.64–6.04 | 0.233 |  |  |  |
Religion | ||||||||
 Buddhism | 491 | 58.7 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Christianity | 339 | 40.6 | 0.81 | 0.53–1.24 | 0.345 |  |  |  |
 Islam | 6 | 0.7 | 1.22 | 0.14–10.62 | 0.855 |  |  |  |
Education | ||||||||
 Illiterate | 21 | 2.5 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Primary school | 31 | 3.7 | 2.77 | 0.51–14.90 | 0.235 |  |  |  |
 High school | 655 | 78.4 | 1.36 | 0.31–5.94 | 0.651 |  |  |  |
 Vocational school | 129 | 15.4 | 1.64 | 0.35–7.62 | 0.527 |  |  |  |
Occupation | ||||||||
 Unemployed | 62 | 7.4 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Student | 685 | 81.9 | 0.83 | 0.39–1.75 | 0.632 |  |  |  |
 Farmer | 22 | 2.6 | 2.20 | 0.68–7.14 | 0.186 |  |  |  |
 Labor | 67 | 8.1 | 1.03 | 0.39–2.73 | 0.948 |  |  |  |
Income | ||||||||
 No | 745 | 89.1 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 91 | 10.9 | 1.03 | 0.52–1.90 | 0.993 |  |  |  |
Smoker | ||||||||
 No | 726 | 86.8 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 110 | 13.2 | 1.34 | 0.77–2.33 | 0.287 |  |  |  |
Alcohol use | ||||||||
 No | 656 | 78.5 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 180 | 21.5 | 1.36 | 0.86–2.16 | 0.187 |  |  |  |
Methamphetamine use | ||||||||
 No | 817 | 97.7 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 19 | 2.3 | 1.24 | 0.35–4.34 | 0.732 |  |  |  |
Heroin use | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 No | 823 | 98.4 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 13 | 1.6 | 1.20 | 0.26–5.50 | 0.811 |  |  |  |
Crystal methamphetamine use | ||||||||
 No | 825 | 98.7 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 11 | 1.3 | 0.65 | 0.08–5.18 | 0.690 |  |  |  |
Tattooed | ||||||||
 No | 725 | 86.7 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 111 | 13.3 | 1.13 | 0.63–2.00 | 0.674 |  |  |  |
Ear piercing | ||||||||
 No | 302 | 36.1 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 534 | 63.9 | 0.94 | 0.62–1.43 | 0.788 |  |  |  |
History of blood transfusion | ||||||||
 No | 803 | 96.1 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 33 | 3.9 | 0.65 | 0.19–2.16 | 0.484 |  |  |  |
History of medical surgery | ||||||||
 No | 733 | 87.7 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 103 | 12.3 | 1.04 | 0.57–1.90 | 0.889 |  |  |  |
Injection from illegal practitioners | ||||||||
 No | 803 | 96.1 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 33 | 3.9 | 0.65 | 0.19–2.16 | 0.484 |  |  |  |
Acupuncture | ||||||||
 No | 821 | 98.2 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 15 | 1.8 | 1.01 | 0.22–4.56 | 0.984 |  |  |  |
Used a shared toothbrush | ||||||||
 No | 656 | 78.5 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 180 | 21.5 | 1.02 | 0.62–1.65 | 0.937 |  |  |  |
History of hepatitis B vaccination | ||||||||
 Yes | 71 | 8.5 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 298 | 35.7 | 1.58 | 0.64–3.90 | 0.319 |  |  |  |
 Not sure | 261 | 31.2 | 1.96 | 0.79–4.83 | 0.143 |  |  |  |
 Unknown | 206 | 24.6 | 1.56 | 0.61–3.97 | 0.346 |  |  |  |
Family history of hepatitis | ||||||||
 No | 481 | 57.5 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 24 | 2.9 | 0.58 | 0.13–2.53 | 0.471 |  |  |  |
 Not sure | 120 | 14.4 | 1.05 | 0.59–1.87 | 0.852 |  |  |  |
 Unknown | 211 | 25.2 | 0.89 | 0.55–1.46 | 0.670 |  |  |  |
Work experience outside the village | ||||||||
 No | 693 | 82.9 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 143 | 17.1 | 1.92 | 1.20–3.07 | 0.006a | 1.77 | 1.18-2.98 | 0.004a |
Work experience abroad | ||||||||
 No | 826 | 98.8 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 10 | 1.2 | 2.88 | 0.73–11.30 | 0.130 |  |  |  |
Sexual experience | ||||||||
 Yes | 243 | 29.1 | 1.10 | 0.71–1.71 | 0.648 |  |  |  |
 No | 593 | 70.9 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
Used a condom during first sexual intercourse | ||||||||
 Yes | 120 | 49.4 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 109 | 44.9 | 1.49 | 0.70–3.17 | 0.293 |  |  |  |
 Does not remember | 14 | 5.7 | 1.26 | 0.25–6.23 | 0.775 |  |  |  |
Number of sexual partners (person) | ||||||||
 None | 593 | 84.7 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
 1 | 67 | 9.6 | 0.43 | 0.15–1.22 | 0.113 | 0.57 | 0.28–1.19 | 0.099 |
  ≥ 2 | 40 | 5.7 | 2.97 | 1.90–4.30 | 0.033a | 2.66 | 1.96-3.87 | 0.047a |