Β | Norovirus | C. difficile | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative patients | Positive patients | OR | 95% CI | Negative patients | Positive patients | OR | 95% CI | |||||
n | % | n | % | Β | Β | n | % | n | % | Β | Β | |
Total | 142 | 87 | 21 | 13 | Β | Β | 149 | 87 | 22 | 13 | Β | Β |
Sex | ||||||||||||
βFemale | 89 | 97 | 3 | 3 | 1 | Β | 81 | 87 | 13 | 14 | 1 | Β |
βMale | 53 | 75 | 18 | 25 | 10 | 2.8β36.5 | 68 | 89 | 9 | 12 | 0.8 | 0.3β2.0 |
Age (years) | ||||||||||||
β17β45 | 27 | 77 | 8 | 23 | 1 | Β | 36 | 95 | 2 | 5 | 1 | Β |
β46β65 | 31 | 91 | 3 | 9 | 0.3 | 0.1β1.4 | 32 | 94 | 2 | 6 | 1.1 | 0.1β8.5 |
β66β75 | 36 | 92 | 5 | 13 | 0.4 | 0.1β1.4 | 36 | 90 | 4 | 10 | 2 | 0.3β11.6 |
β76β99 | 48 | 91 | 5 | 9 | 0.4 | 0.1β1.1 | 42 | 75 | 14 | 25 | 6 | 1.3β28.2 |
Medical History | ||||||||||||
βDuration of diarrhoea | ||||||||||||
ββ1βday | 26 | 63 | 15 | 37 | 1 | Β | 39 | 95 | 2 | 5 | 1 | Β |
ββ2β3βdays | 44 | 92 | 4 | 8 | 0.2 | 0.05β0.5 | 47 | 96 | 2 | 4 | 0.8 | 0.1β6.2 |
ββ>β3βdays | 67 | 97 | 2 | 3 | 0.05 | 0.01β0.2 | 60 | 79 | 16 | 21 | 5.2 | 1.1β23.9 |
Number of defaecation on day of onset | ||||||||||||
β1β3 defaecations | 38 | 90 | 4 | 10 | 1 | Β | 40 | 93 | 3 | 7 | 1 | Β |
β4β10 defaecations | 69 | 87 | 10 | 13 | 1.4 | 0.4β4.7 | 66 | 80 | 17 | 20 | 3.4 | 0.9β12.5 |
β>β10 defaecations | 29 | 81 | 7 | 19 | 2.3 | 0.6β8.6 | 36 | 97 | 1 | 3 | 0.4 | 0.03β3.7 |
Duration of vomiting | ||||||||||||
βNo vomitting | 51 | 88 | 7 | 12 | 1 | Β | 49 | 83 | 10 | 17 | 1 | Β |
β1βday | 33 | 73 | 12 | 27 | 2.6 | 0.9β7.4 | 48 | 98 | 1 | 2 | 0.1 | 0.01β0.8 |
β>β1βday | 53 | 96 | 2 | 4 | 0.3 | 0.05β1.4 | 49 | 86 | 8 | 14 | 0.8 | 0.3β2.2 |
Number of vomits on day of onset | ||||||||||||
βNo vomitting | 55 | 90 | 6 | 10 | 1 | Β | 55 | 86 | 9 | 14 | 1 | Β |
β1β3 vomtis | 38 | 95 | 2 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.1β2.5 | 36 | 84 | 7 | 16 | 1.2 | 0.4β3.5 |
β4β10 vomits | 25 | 83 | 5 | 17 | 1.8 | 0.5β6.6 | 29 | 94 | 2 | 6 | 0.4 | 0.1β2.1 |
β>β10 vomits | 10 | 63 | 6 | 38 | 5.5 | 1.5β20.5 | 16 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 1 omitted | Β |
Mucus in stools | ||||||||||||
βNo mucus | 63 | 90 | 7 | 10 | 1 | Β | 68 | 93 | 5 | 7 | 1 | Β |
βPatient reports mucus prior to admission | 28 | 90 | 3 | 10 | 1.0 | 0.2β4.0 | 27 | 79 | 7 | 21 | 3.5 | 1.02β12.1 |
Adominal pain | ||||||||||||
βNo pain | 45 | 88 | 6 | 12 | 1 | Β | 49 | 84 | 9 | 16 | 1 | Β |
βPresense of abdominal pain | 94 | 86 | 15 | 14 | 1.2 | 0.4β3.3 | 97 | 89 | 12 | 11 | 0.7 | 0.3β1.7 |
Travel | ||||||||||||
βNo travel activity | 108 | 87 | 16 | 13 | 1 | Β | 110 | 85 | 19 | 15 | 1 | Β |
βTravel within Northern Europe | 10 | 77 | 3 | 23 | 2.0 | 0.5β8.1 | 13 | 93 | 1 | 7 | 0.4 | 0.1β3.6 |
βTravel within Southern and Eastern Europe | 13 | 93 | 1 | 7 | 0.5 | 0.1β4.2 | 13 | 93 | 1 | 7 | 0.4 | 0.1β3.6 |
βTravel outside Europe | 9 | 90 | 1 | 10 | 0.8 | 0.1β6.3 | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 1 omitted | Β |
Antibiotic Treatment | ||||||||||||
βNo antibiotic treatment | 93 | 83 | 19 | 17 | 1 | Β | 109 | 96 | 4 | 4 | 1 | Β |
βRecently/at admission | 13 | 93 | 1 | 7 | 0.4 | 0.1β3.1 | 10 | 63 | 6 | 38 | 16.4 | 3.9β67.7 |
βOne week previous admission | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 1 omitted | Β | 8 | 67 | 4 | 33 | 13.6 | 2.8β64.9 |
βOne month previous admission | 11 | 92 | 1 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.1β3.7 | 7 | 54 | 6 | 46 | 23.4 | 5.3β102.4 |
βTwo months previous admission | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 1 omitted | Β | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 1 omitted | Β |
Contact to others with GE symptoms | ||||||||||||
βNo contact to others | 117 | 89 | 15 | 11 | 1 | Β | 121 | 86 | 19 | 14 | Β | Β |
βContact to others | 16 | 76 | 5 | 24 | 2.4 | 0.8β7.6 | 21 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 1 omitted | Β |
Epidemic risk | ||||||||||||
βNo other positive sample within the last week in the ED | 104 | 90 | 11 | 10 | 1 | Β | 113 | 86 | 18 | 14 | 1 | Β |
βOther positive sample within the last week in the ED | 37 | 79 | 10 | 21 | 2.6 | 1.0β6.5 | 35 | 90 | 4 | 10 | 0.7 | 0.2β2.3 |
Vital signs | ||||||||||||
βSystolic blood pressure | ||||||||||||
ββ100β140 βmmHg | 91 | 83 | 18 | 17 | 1 | Β | 101 | 89 | 12 | 11 | 1 | Β |
ββ>β140βmmHg | 38 | 93 | 3 | 7 | 0.4 | 0.1β1.5 | 38 | 86 | 6 | 14 | 1.3 | 0.5β3.8 |
ββ<β100βmmHg | 10 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 1 omitted | Β | 7 | 70 | 3 | 30 | 3.6 | 0.8. 16 |
Pulse | ||||||||||||
β60β100/min | 96 | 84 | 18 | 16 | 1 | Β | 109 | 91 | 11 | 9 | 1 | Β |
β>β100/ min | 30 | 91 | 3 | 9 | 0.5 | 0.1β2.0 | 28 | 80 | 7 | 20 | 2.5 | 0.8β6.9 |
β<β60/min | 9 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 1 omitted | Β | 6 | 67 | 3 | 33 | 4.9 | 1.1β22.6 |
Temperature | ||||||||||||
β36.5β37.5βΒ°C | 66 | 92 | 6 | 8 | 1 | Β | 66 | 86 | 11 | 14 | 1 | Β |
β37.5β38.5βΒ°C | 35 | 80 | 9 | 20 | 2.8 | 0.9β8.5 | 39 | 89 | 5 | 11 | 0.7 | 0.2β2.3 |
β>β38.5βΒ°C | 18 | 86 | 3 | 14 | 1.8 | 0.4β8.0 | 21 | 95 | 1 | 5 | 0.3 | 0.03β2.3 |
β<β36.5βΒ°C | 18 | 86 | 3 | 14 | 1.8 | 0.4β8.0 | 19 | 86 | 3 | 14 | 0.9 | 0.2β3.7 |