Fig. 5
Heatmap showing AMR genes found in the draft genome of DRC ESBL-producing ExPEC (n = 21) and present both in MEGARes and ResFinder. AMR genes are annotated as in MEGARes. The names of the strains indicated on the y axis are presented in the same order as in Figs. 2 and 3. 1. AMR genes for aminoglycosides: AAC3: Aminoglycoside N acetyltransferases AAC3; “ANT2”: Aminoglycoside O nucleotidyltransferases ANT2 DPRIME; “ANT3”: Aminoglycoside O nucleotidyltransferases ANT3 DPRIME; “APH3”: Aminoglycoside O phosphotransferases APH3-DPRIME; APH6: Aminoglycoside O phosphotransferases. 2. AMR genes for beta-lactams: CTX: Class A beta-lactamases CTX (in our study, all CTX genes consisted of CTX-M-15); TEM: Class A beta-lactamases TEM; CMY: Class C beta-lactamases CMY; OXA: Class D beta-lactamases OXA; PBP2: Penicillin binding protein PBP2. 3. AMR genes for quinolones: AAC(6′): Aminoglycoside N acetyltransferase (corresponds to AAC(6′)-Ib-cr-1in all DRC E. coli isolates); QNRB: Quinolone resistance protein Qnr QNRB. 4. AMR gene for macrolides: MPHA: Macrolide phosphotransferase MPHA. 5. AMR genes for phenicols: Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase CAT; Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases CATA; Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase CATB. 6. AMR genes for rifampicin: ARR: Rifampicin ADP ribosyltransferase Arr ARR. 7. AMR genes for sulfonamides: FOLP: Sulfonamide resistant dihydropteroate synthases FOLP; SULI: Sulfonamide resistant dihydropteroate synthases SULI; SULII: Sulfonamide resistant dihydropteroate synthases SULII. 8. AMR genes for tetracyclines: TETA: Tetracycline resistance major facilitator superfamily MFS efflux pumps TETA; TETB: Tetracycline resistance major facilitator superfamily MFS efflux pumps TETB; TETD: Tetracycline resistance major facilitator superfamily MFS efflux pumps TETD. 9. AMR gene trimethoprim: DHFR: Dihydrofolate reductase DHFR. It is of note that DRC_BKV_01 contained a “CTX-M” sequence as annotated in the MEGARes database. The BLAST analysis confirmed however that this annotation corresponded rather to the tnpA gene and not to CTX-M. DRC_BKV_01 is therefore reported as CTX-free in the figure