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Table 2 Factor Associated with Cognitive Impairment Status According to IHDS Score

From: Cognitive screening in treatment-naïve HIV-infected individuals in Hong Kong – a single center study

 

Univariable Analysis

Multivariable Analysis

 

Non-impaired (IHDS > 10)

(n = 60)

Impaired

(IHDS ≤10)

(n = 38)

Odds Ratio

(95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted Odds Ratio

(95% CI)

p-value

aFemale sex, n (%)

3 (5)

3 (8)

1.63 (0.31–8.52)

0.674

  

Age, year

31 (25–40)

32 (26–45)

 

0.358

  

bTertiary education, n (%)

34 (57)

15 (40)

0.50 (0.22–1.14)

0.097

0.47 (0.20–1.17)

0.088

bCurrent smoker, n (%)

19 (32)

12 (32)

1.00 (0.44–2.25)

1.000

  

bCurrent or ex-drinker, n (%)

14 (23)

8 (21)

0.88 (0.33–2.34)

0.792

  

bHistory of substance use, n (%)

23 (38)

18 (47)

1.45 (0.64–3.30)

0.377

  

bPrior psychiatric illness, n (%)

5 (8)

9 (24)

3.41 (1.05–11.13)

0.034

2.99 (0.84–10.66)

0.091

Blood HIV-1 RNA, log10 copies/ml

5.01 (4.61–5.39)

5.11 (4.81–5.75)

 

0.139

  

CD4+ T-cells nadir (cells/μL)

298 (160–400)

241 (69–320)

 

0.078

 

NS

bCD4+ T-cells nadir < 200 cells/μL, n (%)

18 (30)

13 (34)

1.21 (0.51–2.89)

0.662

  

aHepatitis C virus co-infection, n (%)

5 (8)

2 (5)

0.61 (0.11–3.32)

0.703

  

b,c Syphilis co-infection, n (%)

22 (37)

18 (47)

1.56 (0.68–3.55)

0.294

  

dPHQ-9 score

5 (2–8)

8 (4–12)

 

0.127

  

b,dModerate depression (PHQ-9 > 9), n (%)

10 (17)

13 (34)

2.67 (0.99–7.17)

0.048

2.52 (0.90–7.06)

0.079

  1. Median (IQR) is presented unless specified otherwise
  2. aFisher’s Exact test
  3. bPearson Chi-square test
  4. cHistory of infection (enzyme immunoassay (EIA)-Treponemal pallidum assay (TPA) positivity)
  5. dn = 96
  6. Abbreviations: IHDS International HIV Dementia Scale, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnare-9, NS Not significant