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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis for factors associated with virological failure among 197 adult HIV patients on PI based second line ART

From: Magnitude and correlates of virological failure among adult HIV patients receiving PI based second line ART regimens in north western Tanzania; a case control study

Variables

Virological failure

Unadjusted

Adjusted

No (n %)

Yes (n %)

OR (95%CI)

P-value

OR (95%CI)

P-value

Sex

 Male

042 (24.28)

09 (37.50)

    

 Female

131 (75.72)

15 (62.50)

1.9 (0.7–4.5)

0.171

  

Age

  < 30 years

012 (06.94)

07 (29.17)

    

  ≥ 30 years

161 (93.06)

17 (70.83)

5.5 (1.9–15.9)

0.002

12.4 (2.7–56.1)

0.001

Marital state

 Married

46 (26.59)

10 (41.67)

1.9 (0.8–4.7)

0.130

 Divorced

33 (19.08)

03 (12.50)

0.6 (0.2–2.2)

0.439

 Widow

59 (34.30)

05 (20.83)

0.5 (0.3–1.4)

0.194

 Single

34 (19.65)

06 (25.00)

1.3 (0.5–3.6)

0.543

WHO stage at ART1

 3&4

101 (58.38)

13 (54.17)

    

 1&2

072 (41.62)

11 (45.83)

0.8 (0.3–2.0)

0.695

ART1months

  ≤ 36 months

015 (08.67)

08 (33.33)

    

  > 36 months

158 (91.33)

16 (66.67)

5.3 (1.9–14.3)

0.001

7.6 (1.9–29.0)

0.003

CD4 at ART2

  < 200cells/μl

035 (20.23)

18 (75.00)

    

  ≥ 200 cells/μl

138 (79.77)

06 (25.00)

11.8 (4.3–32)

< 0.001

16.3 (5.-57.9)

< 0.001

WHO stage at ART2

 3&4

121 (69.94)

14 (58.33)

    

 1&2

052 (30.06)

10 (41.67)

0.6 (0.3–1.4)

0.255

ART2 months

009 [05–11]

6 [4.5–9.5]

0.9 (0.7–1.0)

0.065

Adherence < 95%

 Yes

017 (09.83)

08 (33.33)

    

 No

156 (90.17)

16 (66.67)

4.5 (2.3–12.3)

0.002

3.4 (0.9–12.6)

0.062

ART1rgm

 AZT/3TC/EFV

32 (18.50)

04 (16.67)

0.9 (0.3–2.8)

0.828

 AZT/3TC/NVP

66 (38.15)

03 (12.50)

0.2 (0.1–0.8)

0.022

 D4T/3TC/NVP

15 (08.67)

02 (08.33)

0 .9 (0.2–4.4)

0.956

 TDF/3TC/EFV

60 (34.68)

15 (62.50)

3.1 (2.1–7.6)

0.011

0.5 (0.2–1.9)

0.363

ART2rgm

 ABC/3TC/LPV.r

86 (49.71)

16 (66.67)

2.1 (1.8–4.9)

0.0125

2.1 (0.5–7.8)

0.272

 AZT/3TC/ATV.r

07 (04.05)

02 (08.33)

2.1 (0.4–11.)

0.357

 AZT/3TC/LPV.r

07 (04.05)

02 (08.33)

2.1 (0.4–11)

0.357

 TDF/FTC/ATV.r

37 (21.39)

01 (04.70)

0.2 (0.2–1.2)

0.077

 TDF/FTC/LPV.r

36 (20.81)

03 (12.50)

0.4 (0.2–1.9)

0.346

  1. ABC Abacavir, ART1rgm first line ART regimen, ART2rgm second line ART regimen, AZT Zidovudine, ATV.r ritonavir boosted Atazanavir, 3TC Lamivudine, CD4 Cluster of differentiation 4, CD4 at ART2 CD4 counts at switch to second line ART, CI Confidence interval, D4T Stavudine, EFV Efavirenz, FTC Emtricitabine, IQR Interquatile range, LPV.r ritonavir boosted Lopinavir, n number, NVP Nevirapine, rgm regimen, TDF Tenofovir, WHO stage at ART1 Denotes World health Organization clinical stage at initiation of first line ART, WHO stage at ART2 Denotes WHO clinical stage at switch to second line ART