Clinical characteristics and managements of severe hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus A71 and coxsackievirus A16 in Shanghai, China

Table 5 Comparison of clinical and laboratory outcomes of severe HFMD with prolonged hyperthermia, and/ or neurological manifestations treated with or without IVIG

Variable	IVIG (47) M (IQR)	Without IVIG^a (31) M (IQR)	Z	P
Fever	1 (1,1)	4 (4,4)	−9.971	< 0.001
Vomiting	2 (2,2)	3 (3,3)	−8.596	< 0.001
Startle	2 (2,2)	3 (3,4)	−9.711	< 0.001
Myoclonic twitching	2 (2,2)	4 (3.5,4)	−9.483	< 0.001
WBC (> 15 × 10⁹/L)	2 (2,2)	3 (3,3.5)	−9.729	< 0.001
CRP (> 40 mg/L)	2 (2,2)	4 (4,4)	−10.489	< 0.001
Length of stay (day)	4 (4,5)	5 (5,6)	−6.651	< 0.001

Abbreviations: M median, IQR interquartile range, IVIG intravenous gamma globulin intervention. ^aSubjects with prolonged hyperthermia, and/ or neurological manifestations refused to receive IVIG because of the cost or safety issue

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