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Table 2 Overview of main results of integrated models

From: Integrated care of severe infectious diseases to people with substance use disorders; a systematic review

Group

Author/year of publication

Disease

Study design

Number of individuals

Loss-to-follow-up (%)

Main results

Interventions with opioid agonist treatment

Achmad, Y.M. et al (2009)

HIV

Cohort

223

No difference between the intervention group and the control group. No data are available.

Virological response (HIV viral load): IG: 97 % versus CG: 90 %, p = 0.27

Immunological response (CD4 cell count): IG: 69 % versus CG: 57 %, p = 0.93.

Batki, S.L. et al (2002)

TB

RCT

111

52%

TBC completion (≥ 80 % of the doses administrated): 59.5 % in Standard Methadone Treatment, 77.1 % in Minimal Methadone Treatment and 13.1 % in Routine Care, p < 0.01.

Bruce, D.R. et al (2012)

HCV

RCT

21

67%

SVR: Six of ten in the intervention group and one of four in the control group, achieved SVR

Lucas, G.M. et al (2010)

HIV

RCT

93

17%

HIV RNA and CD4 cell count: No significant differences between opioid agonist therapy in the clinic-based buprenorphine strategy versus specialized opioid treatment program were found (p = 0.31 and p = 0.16, respectively)

Morozova, O. et al (2013)

TB

Cohort

110

18 %

Treatment completion: IG: 90 % versus CG: 74 %, p = 0.03.

Tetrault, J.M. et al (2012)

HIV

RCT

47

30%

Virological response (HIV viral load): Descreased from 58 % at baseline to 43 % at 12 weeks in IG, and from 56 % to 35 % in CG, p = 0.84 and p = 0.27, respectively.

Interventions without opioid agonist treatment

Groessl, E.J. et al (2017)

HCV

RCT

79

37%

SVR: 67 % in IG versus 55 % in CG, p = 0.23.

Ho, S.B. et al (2015)

HCV

RCT

363

53%

SVR: 16 % and 8 % in IG and in CG, respectively, achieved SVR. OR 2.26 (95 % CI: 1.15-4.44, p = 0.02)

SVR (active substance users and alcohol dependents): IG: 11 % versus CG: 7 %, p = 0.49.

Sánchez, G.C. et al (2012)

HIV

Cohort

119

In IG 13 % versus in CG 8 % permanently discontinued treatment.

Virological response (HIV RNA load < 50 copies/mL) at week 48: 93 % (95 % CI = 87 % - 99 %) in IG versus 94 % (95% CI = 84 % - 100 %) in CG.

Virological response (HIV RNA load < 50 copies/mL) at week 96: 87 % (95 % CI = 79 % - 95 %) in IG, and 88 % (95% CI = 78 % - 97 %) in CG.

No significant differences were found, Kaplan-Meier estimates, log rank test, p =0.965.

Simoni, J.M. et al (2007)

HIV

RCT

136

All recruited were followed up, but only 59 % at baseline, 65 % at three months, and 61 % at six months reported adherence on 95 % or more.

HIV RNA: HIV suppression was not found significantly different between the integrated group and the control group at baseline, three months and six months follow up.

  1. Abbreviations: CG Control group, HCV Hepatitis C virus, HIV Human immunodeficiency virus, IG Intervention group, RCT Randomized controlled trial, SD Standard deviation, SUD Substance use disorder, SVR Sustained virological response, TB Mycobactrium tuberculosis