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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients on second-line ART in Rwanda stratified by retention and viral suppression

From: Retention in care and virological failure among adult HIV+ patients on second-line ART in Rwanda: a national representative study

Characteristics

Total

Retained

Defaulting from care

Viral load suppression (copies/ml)

Alive

LTFU

Died

Total

≤ 1000

> 1000

n (%)

n (%)

N (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Median age (IQR)

41 (33,49)

Age category(year)

 15–29

327 (19)

300 (92)

24 (7)

3 (1)

327 (19)

242 (74)

85 (26)

 30–39

426 (25)

390 (92)

28 (7)

8 (2)

426 (25)

344 (81)

82 (19)

 40–59

841 (50)

785 (93)

35 (4)

21 (2)

842 (50)

718 (85)

124 (15)

 60+

94 (6)

87 (93)

2 (2)

5 (5)

94 (6)

84 (89)

10 (11)

 Total

1688 (100)

1562 (93)

89 (5)

37 (2)

1689 (100)

1388 (82)

301 (18)

Sex

 Female

1031 (61)

952 (92)

55 (5)

24 (2)

1032 (61)

866 (84)

166 (16)

 Male

657 (39)

610 (93)

34 (5)

13 (2)

657 (39)

522 (79)

135 (21)

 Total

1688 (100)

1562 (93)

89 (5)

37 (2)

1689 (100)

1388 (82)

301 (18)

Marital status

 Single

344 (20)

309 (90)

27 (8)

8 (2)

344 (20)

259 (75)

85 (25)

 Married/Cohabitating

648 (38)

602 (93)

30 (5)

16 (2)

649 (38)

540 (83)

109 (17)

 separated/Divorced

98 (6)

89 (91)

7 (7)

2 (2)

98 (6)

86 (88)

12 (12)

 Widowed

226 (13)

214 (95)

6 (3)

6 (3)

226 (13)

198 (88)

28 (12)

 Missing

372 (22)

348 (94)

19 (5)

5 (1)

372 (22)

305 (82)

67 (18)

 Total

1688 (100)

1562 (93)

89 (5)

37 (2)

1689 (100)

1388 (82)

301 (18)

ART Initiation period

 2009 and before

1062 (63)

1004 (95)

34 (3)

24 (2)

1063 (63)

892 (84)

171 (16)

 2010–2012

502 (30)

447 (89)

44 (9)

11 (2)

502 (30)

400 (80)

102 (20)

 2013–2016

123 (7)

110 (89)

11 (9)

2 (2)

123 (7)

96 (78)

27 (22)

 Total

1687 (100)

1561 (93)

89 (5)

37 (2)

1688 (100)

1388 (82)

300 (18)

TB Screening

 Negative

1458 (86)

1356 (93)

75 (5)

27 (2)

1459 (86)

1213 (83)

246 (17)

 Positive

151 (9)

138 (91)

8 (5)

5 (3)

151 (9)

111 (74)

40 (26)

 N/A

79 (5)

68 (86)

6 (8)

5 (6)

79 (5)

64 (81)

15 (19)

 Total

1688 (100)

1562 (93)

89 (5)

37 (2)

1689 (100)

1388 (82)

301 (18)

Body mass index

 Normal weight

964 (57)

894 (93)

50 (5)

20 (2)

965 (57)

783 (81)

182 (19)

 Underweight

186 (11)

165 (89)

13 (7)

8 (4)

186 (11)

144 (77)

42 (23)

 overweight & Obese

538 (32)

503 (93)

26 (5)

9 (2)

538 (32)

461 (86)

77 (14)

 Total

1688 (100)

1562 (93)

89 (5)

37 (2)

1689 (100)

1388 (82)

301 (18)

Median CD4 (IQR)

418 (248, 618)

  >  500 cells/mm3

638 (38)

606 (95)

26 (4)

6 (1)

638 (38)

599 (94)

39 (6)

  ≤ 500 cells/mm3

1050 (62)

956 (91)

63 (6)

31 (3)

1051 (62)

789 (75)

262 (25)

 Total

1688 (100)

1562 (93)

89 (5)

37 (2)

1689 (100)

1388 (82)

301 (18)

WHO stage

 Stage 1–2

1042 (62)

971 (93)

51 (5)

20 (2)

1042 (62)

881 (85)

161 (15)

 Stage 3–4

623 (37)

570 (91)

36 (6)

17 (3)

624 (37)

489 (78)

135 (22)

 missing

23 (1)

21 (91)

2 (9)

0 (0)

23 (1)

18 (78)

5 (22)

 Total

1688 (100)

1562 (93)

89 (5)

37 (2)

1689 (100)

1388 (82)

301 (18)

Second-line ARV regimen

 LPV/r + dual NRTI

1097 (65)

1011 (92)

55 (5)

31 (3)

1098 (65)

920 (84)

178 (16)

 ATV/r + dual NRTI

591 (35)

551 (93)

34 (6)

6 (1)

591 (35)

468 (79)

123 (21)

 Total

1688 (100)

1562 (93)

89 (5)

37 (2)

1689 (100)

1388 (82)

301 (18)

Median VL (IQR)

20 (20, 100)

      

Viral load results

  ≤ 20 copies/mL

1056 (63)

1002 (95)

43 (4)

11 (1)

   

 21–1000 copies/mL

331 (20)

303 (92)

20 (6)

8 (2)

   

  > 1000 copies/mL

301 (18)

257 (85)

26 (9)

18 (6)

   

 Total

1688 (100)

1562 (93)

89 (5)

37 (2)

   

Retention

 Retained

    

1562 (93)

1305 (84)

257 (16)

 Not retained

    

126 (7)

82 (65)

44 (35)

 Total

    

1688 (100)

1387 (82)

301 (18)

  1. VL viral load, TB tuberculosis, BMI body mass index, ART antiretroviral therapy, WHO World Health Organization, ATV/r ritonavir boosted atazanavir, LPV/r ritonavir boosted lopinavir, NRTI nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, IQR interquartile range, LTFU lost to follow-up