Table 2 Risk of bias in a randomized trial and non-randomized studies of anti-Ebola therapies
From: Anti-Ebola therapy for patients with Ebola virus disease: a systematic review
Agent Citation | Bias arising from the randomization process | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants | Bias in classification of interventions | Bias due to deviations from intended interventions | Bias due to missing outcome data | Bias in outcomes measurement | Bias in selection of results reported | Overall risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Randomized clinical trial | |||||||||
ZMapp PREVAIL II Writing Group, 2016 [24] | Low | N/A | N/A | N/A | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Non-randomized single-arm intervention study with concurrent controls | |||||||||
TKM-130803 Dunning et al., 2016 [25] | N/A | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Convalescent whole blood Sahr et al., 2017 [26] | N/A | Moderate | Low to moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Interferon β-1a Konde et al., 2017 [27] | N/A | Moderate to serious | Low | Moderate to low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Non-randomized, single-arm, intervention study with historical control | |||||||||
Convalescent plasma van Griensven et al., 2016 [28] | N/A | Serious | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Favipiravir Sissoko et al., 2016 [29] | N/A | Serious to critical | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Favipiravir Bai et al., 2016 [30] | N/A | Serious | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Non-randomized single-arm intervention study without controls | |||||||||
Brincidofovir Dunning et al., 2016 [31] | N/A | Critical | Low to moderate | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Retrospective cohort study | |||||||||
Artesunate-amodiaquine Gignoux et al., 2016 [32] | N/A | Moderate to serious | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |