Table 2 Prevalence of HBsAg according to different characteristics among participants in 24 districts in Rwanda
From: Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity and its associated factors in Rwanda
Characteristics | Frequencies | Bivariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | HBsAg positive (%) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
Overall HBV prevalence (N = 327360) | ||||||
Negative | 314,420 | 96.1 | ||||
Positive | 12,865 | 3.9 | (3.83–3.97) | |||
Gender (N = 326100) | ||||||
Female | 224,335 | 7996(3.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
Male | 101,765 | 4813(4.3) | 1.343 | (1.295–1.393) | 1.353 | (1.301–1.408) |
Age group (N = 317356) | ||||||
< 35 years | 92,220 | 3737(4.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
35–44 years | 79,638 | 3321(4.2) | 1.030 | (0.982–1.081) | 1.039 | (0.988–1.105) |
45–54 years | 61,889 | 3321(4.2) | 0.956 | (0.908–1.008) | 0.976 | (0.923–1.109) |
55–64 years | 50,544 | 1782(3.5) | 0.865 | (0.817–0.917) | 0.895 | (0.841–0.952) |
65+ years | 33,065 | 1229(3.7) | 0.914 | (0.856–0.976) | 0.923 | (0.861–0.965) |
Marital status (N = 319229) | ||||||
Single | 28,184 | 1217(4.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
Married | 247,377 | 9813(4.0) | 0.915 | (0.861–0.973) | 1.064 | (0.975–1.161) |
Widow, Divorced and separated | 43,668 | 15,643.6) | 0.823 | (0.763–0.889) | 0.985 | (0.927–1.047) |
Ubudehe category (N = 318784) | ||||||
Category 1 | 49,881 | 1849(3.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
Category 2 | 119,622 | 4706(3.9) | 1.051 | (1.007–1.124) | 1.019 | (0.994–1.112) |
Category 3 | 149,047 | 5950(4.0) | 1.053 | (1.024–1.139) | 1.03 | (0.996–1.114) |
Category 4 | 234 | 12(5.1) | 1.372 | (0.784–2.515) | 2.127 | (0.765–2.463) |
Health Insurance(N = 323879) | ||||||
Mutuelle | 303,140 | 11,927(3.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
RAMA | 14,701 | 569(3.9) | 0.983 | (0.902–1.071) | 0.893 | (0.815–0.978) |
MMI | 2573 | 109(4.2) | 1.08 | (0.891–1.310) | 1.013 | (0.828–1.238) |
MEDIPLAN and other private insurances | 3465 | 132(3.8) | 0.967 | (0.812–1.152) | 0.874 | (0.717–1.067) |
Province of screening (N = 313945) | ||||||
North | 65,812 | 2471(3.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
West | 89,857 | 3415(3.8) | 1.013 | (0.961–1.068) | 0.993 | (0.941–1.049) |
South | 48,963 | 1648(3.4) | 0.893 | (0.863–0.951) | 0.956 | (0.892–1.025) |
East | 110,334 | 4783(4.3) | 1.162 | (1.105–1.221) | 1.132 | (1.075–1.192) |
Diabetes (N = 326,851) | ||||||
No | 324,985 | 12,765(3.9) | 1.000 | |||
Yes | 1866 | 82(4.4) | 1.124 | (0.900–1.404) | ||
High Blood pressure (N = 326856) | ||||||
No | 317,348 | 12,480(3.9) | 1.000 | |||
Yes | 9508 | 370(3.9) | 0.989 | (0.890–1.099) | ||
CRF (N = 326855) | ||||||
No | 322,718 | 12,648(3.9) | 1.000 | |||
Yes | 4137 | 202(4.9) | 1.258 | (1.091–1.451) | ||
Suffering from Cancer (N = 326826) | ||||||
No | 326,248 | 12,821(3.9) | 1 | |||
Yes | 578 | 27(4.7) | 1.198 | (0.814–1.764) | ||
HCV infection(326193) | ||||||
Negative | 313,355 | 12,061(4.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
Positive | 12,838 | 777(3.5) | 0.879 | (0.816–0.946) | 0.880 | (0.812–0.924) |
HIV status (N = 326838) | ||||||
Negative | 320,242 | 12,570(3.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
Positive | 6596 | 279(4.2) | 1.081 | (0.958–1.220) | 0.835 | (0.541–1.290) |
Ever had TBC (N = 326844) | ||||||
No | 326,506 | 12,813(3.9) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
Yes | 338 | 35(10.4) | 2.828 | (1.992–4.015) | 2.352 | (1.634–3.385) |
Ever been operated (N = 326838) | ||||||
No | 308,966 | 12,066(3.9) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
Yes | 17,872 | 781(4.4) | 1.124 | (1.044–1.211) | 1.082 | (1.000–1.171) |
Ever been transfused (N = 326847) | ||||||
No | 321,500 | 12,590(3.9) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
Yes | 5347 | 258(4.8) | 1.244 | (1.096–1.411) | 1.122 | (0.980–1.284) |
Ever been traditionally operated (N = 326577) | ||||||
No | 272,493 | 10,363(3.8) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
Yes | 54,084 | 2477(4.6) | 1.214 | (1.161–1.270) | 1.187 | (1.133–1.244) |
Having more than 1 sexual partner (N = 326710) | ||||||
No | 317,958 | 12,428(3.9) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
Yes | 8752 | 416(4.8) | 1.227 | (1.110–1.356) | 1.074 | (0.968–1.191) |
Viral Hepatitis in the family (N = 326807) | ||||||
No | 320,622 | 12,494(3.9) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
Yes | 6185 | 353(5.7) | 1.493 | (1.339–1.665) | 1.367 | (1.221–1.531) |