Proportion with active tuberculosis | Univariable analysis | Adjusted for age and sex only | Adjusted for age, sex and covariates with P < 0.2 on age- and sex-adjusted analysis(a) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Relative risk (95% CI) | P | Adjusted relative risk (95% CI) | P | Adjusted relative risk (95% CI) | P | |||
Sex | Female | 64/490 (13.1%) | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – |
Male | 65/448 (14.5%) | 1.11 (0.81, 1.53) | 0.52 | 1.13 (0.82, 1.55) | 0.46 | 0.94 (0.66, 1.34) | 0.74 | |
Age | 0.93 (0.84, 1.03) | 0.14 | 0.92 (0.83, 1.02) | 0.13 | 0.91 (0.81, 1.05) | 0.13 | ||
Parental education(b) | University/polytechnic | 10/127 (7.9%) | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – |
Secondary school or lower | 119/811 (14.7%) | 1.86 (1.00, 3.46) | 0.048 | 1.94 (1.04, 3.60) | 0.04 | 1.03 (0.56, 1.89) | 0.91 | |
Type of residence | Centrally heated | 9/167 (5.4%) | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – |
Not centrally heated | 56/373 (15.0%) | 2.79 (1.41, 5.50) | 0.003 | 2.80 (1.42, 5.52) | 0.00 | 1.55 (0.73, 3.28) | 0.26 | |
Ger (Yurt) | 64/398 (16.1%) | 2.98 (1.52, 5.85) | 0.002 | 3.03 (1.55, 5.96) | 0.00 | 1.36 (0.62, 2.96) | 0.48 | |
Household income, per 100 US dollars(c) | – | 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) | 0.01 | 0.94 (0.90, 0.98) | 0.01 | 0.98 (0.94, 1.02) | 0.40 | |
Home ownership | No | 30/220 (13.6%) | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | – | – |
Yes | 99/718 (13.8%) | 1.01 (0.69, 1.48) | 0.95 | 1.00 (0.69, 1.47) | 0.98 | – | ||
Number of people/room(c) | – | 1.10 (1.02, 1.20) | 0.02 | 1.11 (1.03, 1.21) | 0.01 | 1.02 (0.93, 1.12) | 0.64 | |
Month of sampling | June–November | 12/243 (4.9%) | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – |
December–February | 54/379 (14.2%) | 2.89 (1.58, 5.28) | < 0.001 | 2.94 (1.61, 5.38) | < 0.001 | 2.53 (1.23, 5.19) | 0.01 | |
March–May | 63/316 (19.9%) | 4.04 (2.23, 7.31) | < 0.001 | 4.08 (2.26, 7.38) | < 0.001 | 3.31 (1.63, 6.74) | < 0.001 | |
Number of smokers in household(d) | 0 | 57/530 (10.8%) | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – |
1 or more | 72/408 (17.6%) | 1.64 (1.19, 2.27) | 0.003 | 1.66 (1.20, 2.26) | 0.002 | 1.29 (0.92, 1.81) | 0.13 | |
Child actively smoking | No | 128/936 (13.7%) | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – |
Yes | 1/2 (50.0%) | 3.66 (0.91, 14.76) | 0.07 | 3.84 (0.85, 17.44) | 0.08 | 5.23 (2.70, 10.12) | < 0.001 | |
BCG scar | Absent | 27/193 (14.0%) | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | – | – |
Present | 102/745 (13.7%) | 0.98 (0.66, 1.45) | 0.91 | 0.96 (0.65, 1.43) | 0.85 | – | ||
Body mass index, kg/m2 | – | 0.88 (0.82, 0.94) | < 0.001 | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) | 0.001 | 1.00 (0.89, 1.13) | 0.95 | |
Body fat, %(c) | – | 0.95 (0.92, 0.98) | < 0.001 | 0.94 (0.91, 0.97) | < 0.001 | 0.95 (0.90, 1.00) | 0.07 | |
Household PTB contact | No | 83/780 (10.6%) | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – |
Yes | 46/158 (29.1%) | 2.74 (1.99, 3.76) | < 0.001 | 2.72 (1.98, 3.73) | < 0.001 | 2.40 (1.74, 3.30) | < 0.001 | |
De-seasonalized serum 25(OH)D(c) | < 10 ng/ml, n (%) | 27/281 (9.6%) | 0.63 (0.42, 0.94) | 0.02 | 0.65 (0.43, 0.98) | 0.04 | 0.74 (0.49, 1.10) | 0.13 |
≥10 ng/ml, n (%) | 100/652 (15.3%) | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – | 1.00 (ref) | – |