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Table 2 Comparison of patients’ characteristics and parameters of HIV infections, between multi-morbid and non multi-morbid patients. Adjusted odds ratios for risk of multi-morbidity

From: Clusterization of co-morbidities and multi-morbidities among persons living with HIV: a cross-sectional study

 

Multi-morbidity N = 612 (56.3%)

No multi-morbidity N = 475 (43.7%)

aOR 95% CI

Age, years, mean ± SD

51.7 ± 9.1

42.9 ± 10.7

1.08 (1.06–1.09) by 1 year

Women, N (%)

136 (22.2%)

152 (32.0%)

0.81 (0.58–1.15) ref. men

BMI, Kg/m2, mean ± SD

25.2 ± 4.6

24.0 ± 3.2

1.17 (1.07–1.16) by 1 point

Smoking, N (%)

 Never

113 (18.5%)

204 (43.0%)

1

 Current

265 (43.3%)

195 (41.0%)

3.65 (2.54–5.24)

 Former

133 (21.7%)

76 (16.0%)

1.77 (1.14–2.75)

Risk factor for HIV acquisition IVDU

203 (33.2%)

37 (7.8%)

3.19 (2.02–5.04) ref. other risk factors

CDC stage, N (%)

 A

229 (37.4%)

266 (56.0%)

1

 B

177 (28.9%)

117 (24.6%)

1.20 (0.83–1.74)

 C

195 (31.9%)

83 (17.5%)

2.04 (1.38–3.02)

ART duration, years, median (IQR)

12 (6–17)

6 (2–11)

1.08 (1.02–1.13) by 2 years

Current CD4, < 200 cells/mm3, N (%)

42 (6.9%)

23 (4.8%)

1.97 (1.01–3.87) ref. ≥200 cells/mm3

ART naïve, N (%)

14 (2.3%)

29 (6.1%)

1.32 (0.56–3.10) ref. experienced

Nadir CD4, cells/mm3, median (IQR)

170 (70–290)

242 (105–364)

1.00 (0.96–1.05) by 50 cells/ mm3

CD4, cells/mm3, median (IQR)

636 (434–852)

623 (425–780)

1.02 (0.97–1.08) by 100 cells/ mm3

Current PI, N* (%)

272 (44.4%)

169 (35.6%)

1.16 (0.84–1.59) ref. no PI

Current NNRTI, N* (%)

238 (38.9%)

172 (36.2%)

1.07 (0.78–1.47) ref. no NNRTI

Current INSTI, N* (%)

179 (29.2%)

108 (22.7)

1.22 (0.86–1.75) ref. no INSTI

N. of drugs in ART regimen

 0

27 (4.4%)

56 (11.8%)

ref.

 1

24 (3.9%)

40 (8.4%)

0.72 (0.28–1.82)

 2

89 (14.5%)

38 (8.0%)

1.72 (0.76–3.93)

 3

447 (73.0%)

323 (68.0%)

1.24 (0.63–2.44)

 >=4

25 (4.1%)

18 (3.8%)

1.33 (0.50–3.53)

   

χ2 for trend p = 0.39

Glycemia, mg/dL, mean ± SD

96.3 ± 25.3

88.8 ± 12.0

1.06 (1.01–1.12) by 5 mg/dL

Total cholesterol, mg/dL, mean ± SD

192.2 ± 42.9

178.3 ± 38.2

1.05 (1.03–1.08) by 5 mg/dL

Triglycerides, mg/dL, median (IQR)

146 (98–201)

96 (70–128)

1.08 (1.05–1.10) by 10 mg/dL

  1. SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, aOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, IVDU past intravenous drug use, ART antiretroviral treatment; all variables are adjusted (as appropriate) for age (continuous variable), sex, BMI (continuous variable), cigarette smoking, IVDU, CDC stage, ART duration (by 2 years), current CD4 count (< 200 cells/mm3), except for naïve status, that was only adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking habit, current CD4 cells count, and current CD4 count as a continuous variable, that was adjusted for age (continuous variable), sex, BMI (continuous variable), cigarette smoking, IVDU, CDC stage, and ART duration (by 2 years)