Fig. 1

In-hospital management of GI fistula associated NSTIs. In our center, the management of GI fistula associated NSTIs were treated according to the following principles: severe sepsis and septic shock were managed by standard therapies; source control by percutaneous or surgical drainage (open abdomen if necessary); broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy was initiated in all patients; other supporting treatments as needed. After the patient’s systemic and local conditions have improved, staged reconstructive repair included digestive tract reconstruction and abdominal wall reconstruction would be performed