Table 4 Summary of the reported cases of clinical infections by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus
| Â | present study | 1 [4] | 2 [11] | 3[14] | 4 [20] | 5[21] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 45 | 20 patients (22 isolates were recovered) | 126 | 24 | 13 | 2 |
Study period | 2011–2017 | May 2010-Jan 2012 | 2000–2012 | January 2003 and January 2010 | 2004–2010 | 1988–2014 |
Country/area | China | Italy | Taiwan | Spain | Israel | Spain |
Demographic characteristics | ||||||
 Gender (Male/female) | 17/28 | 7/13 | 79/47 | NA | 7/6 | 1/1 |
 Age (mean ± SD or median and IQD, years) | 67 ± 22 | 72 ± 13 | 70(55,78) | NA | 60 ± 33 | 89 and 62 |
  Age > 65 years | 19(42.2%) | 15 | 76(60%) | NA | NA | 1(50%) |
  Pregnant women | 11(24.4%) | 0 | NA | NA | 2(15%) | 0 |
  Neonates(< 3 months of age) | 1(2.2%) | 0 | NA | NA | 2(15%) | 0 |
  Paediatric patients (< 18 years) | 1(2.2%) | 0 | 5(4%) | NA | NA | NA |
Infection types/source | Bacteremia (17), urine (16), bile (1), ascitic fluid (1), abdominal puncture fluid (1), peripancreatic drainage (1), peritoneal fluid (1), CSF(1) and fetal membrane/placenta (9) | UTI(10), bacteremia(2), limb ulcer (1), bile(3) | Bacteremia(126) | Bacteremia(24) | Bacteremia(13) | Spondylodiscitis/ paravertebral abscess (1), pubicsymphysitis and UTI(1) |
Underlying diseases | ||||||
 Diabetes | 10(22.2%) | 8(40%) | 43(34%) | 2(8.3%) | 2(15%) | 1(50%) |
 Chronic renal failure | NA | 1(5%) | 22(17%) | 1(4.2%) | 3(23%) | NA |
 Liver disease | NA | 4(20%) | 53(42%) | NA | 4(31%) | NA |
 Malignancy (past or active) | 4(8.9%) | 6(30%) | 68(54%) | 9(37.5%, colonic adenoma (4); bladder cancer(1); prostate cancer(1); pulmonary cancer(1); mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (1); leukemia(1)) | 3(23%) | Adenoma(1); prostate cancer(1) |
 Gastrointestinal tract tumors | 4(8.9%) | 4(20%) | 51(40%, including colon/rectum, stomach, pancreas, liver, bile duct). | 4(16.7%) | 4(31%) | 1(50%) |
 Biliary pathology | 1(2.2%) | 4(20%) | 9(7%, biliary tract stone) | 5(20.8%) | 2(15%) | NA |
 Bacteriuria | 16(35.6%) | 14(70%)(50% UTI); | 2(2%) | 0 | NA | 1(50%) |
 Endocarditis | 1(2.2%) | 2(10%) | 17(13%) | 6(25%) | 3(23%) | 1(50%) |
 Identification methods | BD Phoenix 100, 16S rRNA/gyrB sequencing | Phoenix100, 16S rDNA sequencing, MALDI Biotyper Bruker and Vitek MS | Vitek automated system; 16S rRNA and sodA genes and PCR-RFLP assays of groESL gene | API 20 Strep system, semiautomated Wider system, 16S rRNA and sodA PCR, Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS | PCR-RFLP/Vitek 2 | API 20 Strep system/ Vitek 2, 16S rRNA/sodA sequencing |
Antibiotic susceptibility rate (median, μg/mL)(susceptibility rate(%)) | ||||||
 penicillin | 0.125(100) | NA(100) | 0.06(100) | NA (NA) | 0.06(100) | NA (NA) |
 cefatriaxone | < 0.5(100) | NA(100% to cefotaxime) | 0.12(100) | NA (NA) | 0.09(100) | NA (NA) |
 erythromycin | > 4(11.1%, erm(B)/erm(A), erm(B)/mef(A/E), and erm(B)/erm(T) were detected in 7, 4, and 3 isolates, respectively). | NA(68.2%, all resistant isolates belonged to the cMLSB phenotype, carried erm(B)). | 32(37%) | 0.5(62.5%) | NA (NA) | NA (NA) |
 clindamycin | > 4(11.1%) | NA(68.2%) | 0.06(39%) | 0.5(75%) | NA (NA) | NA (NA) |
 levofloxacin | 2(73.3%) | NA (NA) | 2(82%) | 0.5(91.7%) | NA (NA) | NA (NA) |
 vancomycin | ≤0.25 | NA (NA) | 0.5(100%) | NA (NA) | NA (NA) | NA (NA) |
 tetracycline (μg/mL) | > 8((4.4%), 39 strains carried tet(L), 27 tet(O), and 7 tet(M), alone or combined, respectively.) | NA(31.8%, the resistant isolates carried tet(O)(11) and tet(M)(4). | NA (NA) | NA (NA) | NA (NA) | NA (NA) |