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Table 2 Symptoms and severity of infections with EIEC and Shigella, and culture-positive and culture-negative shigellosis

From: Incidence, clinical implications and impact on public health of infections with Shigella spp. and entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC): results of a multicenter cross-sectional study in the Netherlands during 2016–2017

Symptoms and severity

EIECa, b (n = 32)

Shigella spp.a (n = 254)

Univariate model, p-value

Multivariate model, p-value

Culture +/ PCR + a, b (n = 244)

Culture - / PCR + (n = 167)

Univariate model, p-value

Multivariate model, p-value

Blood in stool (% present)

16

39

0.005

0.051

39

38

0.901

0.679

Mucus in stool (% present)

47

58

0.222

0.290

58

54

0.508

0.688

Abdominal pain (% present)

59

74

0.082

0.108

75

71

0.330

0.945

Abdominal cramps (% present)

72

82

0.194

0.115

82

83

0.662

0.310

Nausea (% present)

56

44

0.209

0.568

45

54

0.066

0.041

Headache (% present)

22

33

0.187

0.052

32

40

0.108

0.086

Fever (% present)

47

60

0.164

0.248

59

56

0.582

0.420

When fever, duration in days (median (IQR))

3 (2.5–4.5)

2 (1–4)

0.334

0.165

2 (1–4)

2 (1–4)

0.802

0.698

When fever, maximum temperature (mean ± sd)

40.0 ± 0.7

39.4 ± 0.9

0.063

0.413

39.4 ± 0.9

39.2 ± 0.8

0.084

0.179

Diarrhea (% present)

97

97

0.907

0.776

98

99

0.349

0.303

When diarrhea, duration in days (median (IQR))

14 (7–19.5)

10 (6–14)

<0.001

<0.001

9.5 (6–14)

14 (8–24)

<0.001

0.001

When diarrhea, frequency in 24H (median (IQR))

8 (6–14)

9 (6–15)

0.855

0.796

10 (6–15)

10 (6–16)

0.486

0.185

Vomiting (% present)

28

28

0.979

0.809

29

37

0.073

0.026

When vomiting, duration in days (median (IQR))

2 (1–3)

1 (1–3)

0.508

0.929

1 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

0.033

0.167

When vomiting, frequency in 24H (median (IQR))

3 (2–8)

2 (1–4)

0.166

0.001

2 (1–4)

3 (1–5.8)

0.525

0.027

Total number of symptoms (median (IQR))

4 (3.0–5.3)

5 (4–6)

0.006

0.006

5 (4–6)

5 (4–6)

0.519

0.104

Severity scores:

 - de Wit et al. (mean ± sd)

6.4 ± 2.6

7.5 ± 2.7

0.033

0.045

7.5 ± 2.7

7.7 ± 2.7

0.380

0.132

 - Modified vesikari (mean ± sd)

7.4 ± 3.3

7.3 ± 2.8

0.852

0.943

7.3 ± 2.8

7.9 ± 2.8

0.028

0.007

  1. Sd Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range. aone S. flexneri and one EIEC isolate were excluded from analysis, because they caused a double-infection. Bold values indicate significant results with p-values <0.05.