Characteristics | All IE (n = 380) n (%) | NVE (n = 309) n (%) | PVE or DRIE (n = 71) n (%) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), median (range) | 53 (15–91) | 53 (15–91) | 59 (16–85) | 0.081 |
Male gender | 241 (63.4) | 197 (63.8) | 44 (62.0) | 0.779 |
Comorbid disease | 187 (49.2) | 142 (46.0) | 45 (63.4) | 0.008 |
Hypertension | 91 (23.9) | 66 (21.4) | 25 (35.2) | 0.014 |
Diabetes | 57 (15.0) | 42 (13.6) | 15 (21.1) | 0.109 |
Hyperlipidemia | 38 (10.0) | 27 (8.7) | 11 (15.5) | 0.087 |
End-stage renal disease | 21 (5.5) | 17 (5.5) | 4 (5.6) | 0.965 |
Cancer | 21(5.5) | 17 (5.5) | 4 (5.6) | 0.965 |
Coronary artery disease | 16 (4.2) | 7 (2.3) | 9 (12.7) | < 0.001 |
IE characteristic | ||||
Definite IE | 252 (66.3) | 215 (69.6) | 37 (52.1) | 0.005 |
Possible IE | 128 (33.7) | 94 (30.4) | 34 (47.9) | |
Mode of acquisition of IE | ||||
Community-acquired | 321 (84.5) | 280 (90.6) | 41 (57.7) | 1.00 |
Nosocomial associated | 45 (11.8) | 20 (6.5) | 25 (35.2) | < 0.001 |
Non-nosocomial associated | 14 (3.7) | 9 (2.9) | 5 (7.0) | 0.015 |
Abnormal echocardiograma | 326/372 (87.6) | 278/305 (91.1) | 48/67 (71.6) | < 0.001 |
Affected valve | ||||
Mitral valve | 166 (43.7) | 152 (49.2) | 14 (19.7) | < 0.001 |
Aortic valve | 105 (27.6) | 85 (27.5) | 20 (28.2) | 0.911 |
Multiple valve | 19 (5.0) | 16 (5.2) | 3 (4.2) | 1.000 |
Tricuspid valve | 9 (2.4) | 7 (2.3) | 2 (2.8) | 0.677 |
Other | 26 (6.8) | 17 (5.5) | 9 (12.7) | 0.039 |
Vegetation observedb | 239/331 (72.2) | 209/269 (77.7) | 30/62 (48.4) | < 0.001 |
Complication at diagnosis | 229 (60.3) | 186 (60.2) | 43 (60.6) | 0.954 |
Congestive heart failure | 145 (38.2) | 111 (35.9) | 34 (47.9) | 0.61 |
Arrhythmia | 8 (2.1) | 3 (1.0) | 5 (7.0) | 0.001 |
Neurological | 67 (17.6) | 61 (19.7) | 6 (8.5) | 0.024 |
Other | 37 (11.6) | 32 (12.5) | 5 (7.9) | 0.307 |
Positive hemoculturec | 311 (82.1) | 252 (81.8) | 59 (83.1) | 0.80 |
Causative pathogen | ||||
Streptococcus spp. | 189 (60.8) | 169 (67.1) | 20 (33.9) | < 0.001 |
Staphylococcus spp. | 69 (22.2) | 48 (19.0) | 21 (35.6) | 0.006 |
Enterococcus spp. | 31 (10.0) | 21 (8.3) | 10 (16.9) | 0.047 |
Gram-negative bacilli | 10 (3.2) | 7 (2.8) | 3 (5.1) | 0.408 |
HACEK | 6 (1.9) | 4 (1.6) | 2 (3.4) | 0.319 |
Other Gram-positive bacteria | 5 (1.6) | 3 (1.2) | 2 (3.4) | 0.241 |
Fungus | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | 0.190 |