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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of 380 patients according to type of heart involvement

From: Cumulative incidence and mortality of infective endocarditis in Siriraj hospital–Thailand: a 10-year retrospective study

Characteristics

All IE (n = 380) n (%)

NVE (n = 309) n (%)

PVE or DRIE (n = 71) n (%)

p-value

Age (years), median (range)

53 (15–91)

53 (15–91)

59 (16–85)

0.081

Male gender

241 (63.4)

197 (63.8)

44 (62.0)

0.779

Comorbid disease

187 (49.2)

142 (46.0)

45 (63.4)

0.008

 Hypertension

91 (23.9)

66 (21.4)

25 (35.2)

0.014

 Diabetes

57 (15.0)

42 (13.6)

15 (21.1)

0.109

 Hyperlipidemia

38 (10.0)

27 (8.7)

11 (15.5)

0.087

 End-stage renal disease

21 (5.5)

17 (5.5)

4 (5.6)

0.965

 Cancer

21(5.5)

17 (5.5)

4 (5.6)

0.965

 Coronary artery disease

16 (4.2)

7 (2.3)

9 (12.7)

< 0.001

IE characteristic

 Definite IE

252 (66.3)

215 (69.6)

37 (52.1)

0.005

 Possible IE

128 (33.7)

94 (30.4)

34 (47.9)

 

Mode of acquisition of IE

 Community-acquired

321 (84.5)

280 (90.6)

41 (57.7)

1.00

 Nosocomial associated

45 (11.8)

20 (6.5)

25 (35.2)

< 0.001

 Non-nosocomial associated

14 (3.7)

9 (2.9)

5 (7.0)

0.015

Abnormal echocardiograma

326/372 (87.6)

278/305 (91.1)

48/67 (71.6)

< 0.001

Affected valve

 Mitral valve

166 (43.7)

152 (49.2)

14 (19.7)

< 0.001

 Aortic valve

105 (27.6)

85 (27.5)

20 (28.2)

0.911

 Multiple valve

19 (5.0)

16 (5.2)

3 (4.2)

1.000

 Tricuspid valve

9 (2.4)

7 (2.3)

2 (2.8)

0.677

 Other

26 (6.8)

17 (5.5)

9 (12.7)

0.039

Vegetation observedb

239/331 (72.2)

209/269 (77.7)

30/62 (48.4)

< 0.001

Complication at diagnosis

229 (60.3)

186 (60.2)

43 (60.6)

0.954

 Congestive heart failure

145 (38.2)

111 (35.9)

34 (47.9)

0.61

 Arrhythmia

8 (2.1)

3 (1.0)

5 (7.0)

0.001

 Neurological

67 (17.6)

61 (19.7)

6 (8.5)

0.024

 Other

37 (11.6)

32 (12.5)

5 (7.9)

0.307

Positive hemoculturec

311 (82.1)

252 (81.8)

59 (83.1)

0.80

Causative pathogen

Streptococcus spp.

189 (60.8)

169 (67.1)

20 (33.9)

< 0.001

Staphylococcus spp.

69 (22.2)

48 (19.0)

21 (35.6)

0.006

Enterococcus spp.

31 (10.0)

21 (8.3)

10 (16.9)

0.047

 Gram-negative bacilli

10 (3.2)

7 (2.8)

3 (5.1)

0.408

 HACEK

6 (1.9)

4 (1.6)

2 (3.4)

0.319

 Other Gram-positive bacteria

5 (1.6)

3 (1.2)

2 (3.4)

0.241

 Fungus

1 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.7)

0.190

  1. A p-value< 0.05 indicates statistical significance
  2. aAvailable data 331 cases; bAvailable data for echocardiography 372 cases
  3. cMissing data 1 cases in native valve group
  4. Native valve 309 cases (81.3%)