Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors associated with T. gondii seroprevalence among the pregnant women in Dhamar, Yemen (n = 420)
From: Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, Yemen
Variables | Toxoplasma seroprevalence | Â | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N participants | Prevalence % | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-valuea | |
Age (years) | ||||
  < 25 | 210 | 17.6 | 1 |  |
  ≥ 25 | 210 | 24.8 | 1.54 (0.96, 2.47) | 0.073 |
Age at marriage (years) | ||||
  < 18 | 178 | 22.5 | 1 |  |
  ≥ 18 | 242 | 20.2 | 0.88 (0.55, 1.40) | 0.582 |
Number of children | ||||
  < 3 | 284 | 19.4 | 1 |  |
  ≥ 3 | 136 | 25.0 | 1.39 (0.85, 2.26) | 0.186 |
Gestational age | ||||
 First trimester | 85 | 18.8 | 1 |  |
 Second trimester | 150 | 21.3 | 1.21 (0.71, 1.68) | 0.647 |
 Third trimester | 185 | 22.2 | 1.31 (0.61, 2.54) | 0.532 |
History of spontaneous abortion | ||||
 No | 275 | 13.1 | 1 |  |
 Yes | 145 | 36.6 | 3.83 (2.35, 6.22) | <  0.001** |
History of giving birth to a deformed baby | ||||
 No | 401 | 20.9 | 1 |  |
 Yes | 19 | 26.3 | 1.35 (0.47, 3.85) | 0.576 |
History of blood transfusion | ||||
 No | 400 | 21.8 | 1 |  |
 Yes | 20 | 10.0 | 0.40 (0.10, 1.76) | 0.165 |
Education level | ||||
 Primary school or above | 265 | 19.2 | 1 |  |
 No formal education | 155 | 24.5 | 1.36 (0.85, 2.20) | 0.202 |
Residence | ||||
 Urban | 238 | 19.3 | 1 |  |
 Rural | 182 | 23.6 | 1.29 (0.81, 2.07) | 0.285 |
Household monthly income | ||||
  ≥ US$ 200 | 136 | 20.6 | 1 |  |
  < US$ 200 | 284 | 21.5 | 1.06 (0.64, 1.75) | 0.834 |
Working on a farm | ||||
 No | 335 | 21.2 | 1 |  |
 Yes | 85 | 21.2 | 1.00 (0.56, 1.79) | 0.997 |
Source of drinking water | ||||
 Improved (piped water) | 239 | 20.9 | 1 |  |
 Unimproved (wells, streams, dams and rain) | 181 | 21.5 | 1.04 (0.65, 1.66) | 0.876 |
Raw vegetables consumption | ||||
 No | 24 | 4.2 | 1 |  |
 Yes | 396 | 22.2 | 6.57 (1.01, 42.34) | 0.036** |
Raw milk consumption | ||||
 No | 281 | 19.6 | 1 |  |
 Yes | 139 | 24.5 | 1.33 (0.82, 2.16) | 0.249 |
Handling fresh meat | ||||
 No | 18 | 5.6 | 1 |  |
 Yes | 402 | 21.9 | 4.76 (0.63, 39.30) | 0.076 |
Khat chewing | ||||
 No | 214 | 20.1 | 1 |  |
 Yes | 206 | 22.3 | 1.14 (0.72, 1.83) | 0.575 |
Presence of cats in household | ||||
 No | 325 | 19.1 | 1 |  |
 Yes | 95 | 28.4 | 1.68 (1.01, 2.85) | 0.049** |
Presence of domestic animals at household | ||||
 No | 228 | 18.0 | 1 |  |
 Yes | 192 | 25.0 | 1.52 (0.95, 2.43) | 0.080 |