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Table 1 Characteristics of patients with CAP at admission to hospital (n = 30)

From: Gaps between current clinical practice and evidence-based guidelines for treatment and care of older patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia: a descriptive cross-sectional study

Diagnostic characteristics

Frequency, n (%) or median (IQR)

Gender/male,

16 (53.3)

Age, median (IQR)

74 (69.8–84.5)

Smokers

5 (16.7)

Penicillin allergy

1 (3.3)

Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS) < 6

10 (33.3)

Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), median (IQR)

2 (1.0–3.0)

Nutritional deficiencies,

23 (76.7)

Fever (≥38 °C)

13 (43.3)

C-reactive protein (> 10 mg/L)

28 (93.3)

Sputum production

25 (83.3)

Dyspnoea

26 (86.7)

Chills

4 (13.3)

Pleuritic chest pain

3 (10.0)

Confusion

7 (23.3)

Pulse rate > 100

13 (43.3)

Respiratory rate ≥ 30 breaths/min

4 (13.3)

Cough

25 (83.3)

CURB-65 score: 0–1 points

9 (30.0)

CURB-65 score: 2 points

13 (43.3)

CURB-65 score: ≥3 points

8 (26.7)

Recent travel (≤2 weeks)

3 (10.0)

Responding to treatment ≤48 h

20 (71.4)a

Length of hospital stay, median (IQR)

6.5 (3.0–14.3)

In-hospital mortality

3 (10.0)

Readmission ≤1 month

11 (40.7)b

Post discharge mortality ≤1 month

2 (7.4)b

  1. aAdjusted for 2 patients who were discharged ≤24 h of admission
  2. bAdjusted for in-hospital mortality on 27 patients
  3. CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index is calculated based on 19 predefined comorbidities with assigned weights of 1, 2, 3, or 6 and summed to the total CCI score. CAS=Cumulated Ambulation Score is calculated by assessing 3 activities (1. getting in and out of bed, 2. sitting down and standing up from a chair, 3. walking ability with or without a walking aid) on a three-point scale
  4. (2 = independent of human assistance or guidance, 1 = requiring human assistance or guidance to perform activity, 0 = unable to perform activity despite human assistance). The score for each activity is cumulated to provide a daily range from 0 to 6. CAS score < 6 indicates dependent of human assistance. CURB-65 = severity assessment score is calculated by giving 1 point for each of the following prognostic features: Confusion, Urea>7 mmol/l, Respiratory rate >30 breaths/minute, Low systolic (<90 mmHg) or diastolic (<60 mmHg) blood pressure, ≥65 years. The total sum is stratified for CAP severity: (score 0–1) low severity; (score 2) moderate severity; (score 3–5) high severity