Table 2 Factors associated with developing anemia or severe anemia in multivariable adjusted analyses among those free of anemia (n = 12,249) or among those free of severe anemia (n = 14,301) at baseline
Participant characteristics | Anemia n = 12,249 Hazard ratio (95%CI) | Severe anemia n = 14,301 Hazard ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
Age per 10 years | 1.11 (1.04, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.16) |
Female (ref male) | 2.45 (2.12, 2.82) | 2.09 (1.69, 2.58) |
Race/ethnicity (ref white) | ||
 Black | 1.19 (1.03, 1.39) | 0.83 (0.65, 1.05) |
 Hispanic | 0.90 (0.72, 1.13) | 1.06 (0.76, 1.47) |
 Other/missing | 0.99 (0.71, 1.39) | 1.13 (0.69, 1.86) |
Hepatitis C virus coinfection | 1.79 (1.56, 2.05) | 1.62 (1.31, 1.99) |
CD4 cell count (cells/mm3) (ref ≥500) | ||
 350–499 | 1.38 (1.16, 1.65) | 2.23 (1.68, 2.97) |
 200–349 | 1.67 (1.39, 2.02) | 2.39 (1.78, 3.22) |
 100–199 | 2.83 (2.28, 3.62) | 3.89 (2.77, 5.45) |
  < 100 | 8.40 (6.85, 10.51) | 15.53 (11.56, 20.92) |
Viral load ≥400 copies/ml | 1.43 (1.23, 1.64) | 1.86 (1.48, 2.34) |
Kidney function (eGFR) (ref > 60) | ||
 30–60 | 2.35 (1.91, 2.89) | 2.67 (1.97, 3.63) |
  < 30 | 17.84 (13.94, 24.02) | 23.01 (17.85, 29.68) |
ART use | 0.92 (0.80, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.81, 1.23) |
BMI (ref 18.5- < 25) | ||
  < 18.5 | 0.89 (0.59, 1.32) | 1.23 (0.77, 1.96) |
 25.0 to < 30.0 | 0.88 (0.77, 1.02) | 0.73 (0.58, 0.91) |
  ≥ 30.0 | 1.02 (0.87, 1.20) | 0.92 (0.72, 1.17) |
Smoking status (ref never) | ||
 Former | 0.89 (0.75, 1.06) | 0.82 (0.63, 1.07) |
 Current | 1.08 (0.94, 1.25) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.12) |
Hazardous alcohol usea | 0.93 (0.81, 1.06) | 1.07 (0.87, 1.31) |
Illicit drug useb | 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) | 0.99 (0.77, 1.21) |