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Table 3 Results of clinical and laboratory examinations, adolescents (10–19 years) on ART, by sex, Myanmar, 2016

From: High levels of viral repression, malnutrition and second-line ART use in adolescents living with HIV: a mixed methods study from Myanmar

 

Total (n = 177)

Female (n = 96)

Male

(n = 81)

P-value

 

# (%)

# (%)

# (%)

 

BMI

   

0.089

Severe underweight

104 (59)

49 (51)

55 (68)

 

Moderate underweight

22 (12)

15 (16)

7 (8.6)

 

Mild underweight

18 (10)

9 (9.4)

9 (11)

 

Normal

32 (18)

22 (23)

10 (12)

 

Normal (increased risk)

1 (0.6)

1 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

 

CD4 count

   

0.827

< 200

1 (0.6)

1 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

 

200–350

7 (4.0)

4 (4.2)

3 (3.7)

 

351–500

23 (13)

14 (15)

9 (11)

 

> = 500

146 (82)

77 (80)

69 (85)

 

Viral load (copies/mL)

   

0.050

< 250

165 (93)

89 (93)

76 (94)

 

250–1000

3 (1.7)

0 (0.0)

3 (3.7)

 

> 1000

9 (5.1)

7 (7.3)

2 (2.5)

 

Tanner Stage

   

0.007

1

63 (36)

23 (24)

40 (49)

 

2

41 (23)

25 (26)

16 (20)

 

3

32 (18)

19 (20)

13 (16)

 

4

23 (13)

15 (16)

8 (10)

 

5

18 (10)

14 (15)

4 (4.9)

 

PHQ9 Score

   

1.000

Minimal depression

176 (99)

95 (99)

81 (100)

 

Mild depression

1 (0.6)

1 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

 

Moderate depression

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

Co-morbidities and adverse effects

    

Lipodystrophy

74 (42)

40 (42)

34 (42)

0.967

Neuropathy

7 (4.0)

3 (3.1)

4 (4.9)

0.704

Renal Insufficiencya

2 (1.1)

2 (2.1)

0 (0.0)

0.344

Hypercholesterolemiab

1 (0.6)

0 (0.0)

1 (1.2)

0.208

Hypertriglyceridemiac

32 (18)

17 (18)

15 (19)

0.761

HBsAG

3 (1.7)

2 (2.1)

1 (1.2)

1.000

Hepatitis C antibodies

1 (0.6)

1 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

1.000

History of opportunistic infections

    

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

97 (55)

54 (56)

43 (53)

0.674

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

21 (12)

12 (13)

9 (11)

0.776

Oral esophageal candidiasis

6 (3.4)

5 (5.2)

1 (1.2)

0.221

Pneumocystis pneumonia

1 (0.6)

1 (1.04)

0 (0.0)

1.000

Disseminated non-TB mycobacteria

1 (0.6)

1 (1.04)

0 (0.0)

1.000

  1. aRenal insufficiency as creatinine clearance < 50 ml/min;
  2. bHypercholesterolemia as serum cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL;
  3. cHypertriglyceridemia as serum triglyceride level > 150 mg/dL;