Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects
Baseline Demographics | No. of subjects (n = 75) |
|---|---|
n (%) | |
Gender | |
Male | 38 (50.7%) |
Female | 37 (49.3%) |
Presence of siblings | 46 (61.3%) |
Mode of delivery | |
Caesarean | 25 (33.3%) |
Vaginal | 50 (66.7%) |
Gestational age | |
Term (≥37 weeks) | 72 (96.0%) |
Preterm | 3 (4.0%) |
Ethnicity | |
Chinese | 42 (56%) |
Malay | 21 (28%) |
Indian | 12 (16%) |
Household monthly income | |
0-$999 | 2 (2.8%) |
$1000–$1999 | 9 (12.7%) |
$2000–$3999 | 25 (35.2%) |
$4000–$5999 | 13 (18.3%) |
> $6000 | 22 (31%) |
Maternal Tertiary Education | 46 (61.3%) |
Antibiotics during pregnancy and/or labour | 35 (46.7%) |
Class of antibiotics used during pregnancy and/ or labour | |
Beta-lactam | 30 (40%) |
Macrolide, beta-lactam | 1 (1.3%) |
Macrolide | 3 (4.0%) |
Lincosamide | 1 (1.3%) |
Postnatal antibiotics within first 12 months | 16 (21.3%) |
Childcare attendance in first year | 7 (14%) |
Pet ownership at 12 months | 3 (6%) |
Smoking exposure in first year | 1 (1.3%) |
Maternal history of atopy | 18 (24%) |
Paternal history of atopy | 20 (26.7%) |
Eczema up to 18 months | 35 (46.7%) |
Rhinitis up to 18 months | 21 (28.4%) |
Wheeze with nebulizer use up to 18 months | 5 (7%) |
Allergen sensitization at 18 months | 15 (23.1%) |
Hospitalisation in the first year | 5 (6.7%) |
Illness diagnosed in the first year | 38 (50.7%) |