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Table 2 CSF findings, microbiologic features and etiology of bacterial meningitis in diabetic patients

From: Characteristics and outcome of spontaneous bacterial meningitis in patients with diabetes mellitus

Characteristics

Diabetic Patients

(n = 106)

Other Patients

(n = 609)

P value

CSF examination

• White blood cell count, median (IQR)

960 (2672)

1008 (2670)

0.723

• Protein, g/l, median (IQR)

3.2 (6.4)

3.4 (4.75)

0.445

• CSF/plasma glucose ratio, median (IQR)

0.31 (0.36)

0.21 (0.36)

0.079

Positive CSF gram-stained smear

37 (34.9)

255 (41.9)

0.57

Positive CSF culture

81 (76.4)

429 (70.4)

0.39

Positive blood culture

67 (63.2)

273 (44.8)

< 0.001

Etiology

• Meningococcal

11 (10.4)

194 (31.9)

< 0.001

• Pneumococcal

26 (24.5)

154 (25.3)

0.632

• Listeria and gram-positive bacillia

19 (17.9)

64 (10.5)

0.033

• Gram-negative bacillib

10 (9.4)

32 (5.3)

0.114

• Haemophilus influenza

3 (2.8)

16 (2.6)

0.753

• Otherc

17 (16)

30 (4.9)

< 0.001

• Mixedd

0 (0)

4 (0.7)

1.000

• Unknown origin

16 (15.1)

115 (18.9)

0.415

  1. Gram-positive bacillia: Listeria monocytogenes (79) and Bacillus spp. (4). Gram-negative bacillib: Escherichia coli (17), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9), Pseudomonas spp (3), Klebsiella spp (2), Proteus mirabilis (2), Serratia marcescens (1), Serratia spp (2), Enterobacter cloacae (1), Citrobacter freundii (1), Bacteroides melaninogenicus (1), Acinetobacter baumannii (1), Fusobacterium (1). Otherc: S. agalactiae (9), Staphylococcus aureus (8), Enterococcus faecalis (3), S. pyogenes (3), S. viridans (3), Brucella spp (2), Neisseria subflava (1), Staphylococcus anginosus (1), Staphylococcus lugdunensis (1), Staphylococcus spp. (19, Group G Streptococcus (1). Mixed meningitisd: Bacteroides intermedius + Streptococcus viridans (1), E.cloacae + S.viridans (1), Peptostreptococcus spp + anaerobic unidentified gram negative bacilli (1), and Peptostreptococcus spp + Bacteroides spp (1)
  2. CI confidence interval, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation, CSF cerebrospinal fluid
  3. Values are reported as no./no. evaluated (%), unless otherwise noted