Table 4 Multivariate analysis for effect on unfavorable outcome

Septic shock

8.896

4.272–18.527

<0.001

Coagulation disorder

4.108

1.585–10.646

0.004

Age (≥65 years)

2.311

1.352–3.950

0.002

Acute renal failure

2.238

1.206–4.152

0.011

Impaired mental status

1.612

0.797–3.261

0.184

Charlson comorbidity index ≥3

1.594

0.902–2.818

0.109

Positive CSF culture

1.219

0.596–2.492

0.588

Positive blood culture

1.223

0.689–2.170

0.493

Triad of fever, neck stiffness, and change in mental status

0.801

0.443–1.450

0.464

Diabetes mellitus

0.762

0.398–1.460

0.413

White cell count in CSF > 1000/mm3

0.664

0.390–1.132

0.132

Period time

0.552

0.317–0.962

0.036

Adequate empiric antibiotic therapy

0.270

0.129–0.565

0.001

• Neisseria meningitidis

1.000 (reference)

• Streptococcus pneumoniae

1.045

0.463–2.359

0.916

• Listeria monocytogenes

1.150

0.483–2.738

0.753

• Gram-negative bacilli

2.893

1.043–8.027

0.041