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Table 2 Drug resistant TB genotypes associated with nosocomial transmission and outbreaks across Africa

From: Molecular epidemiology of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Africa: a systematic review

Country (region)

MTB phenotype (number of cases)

MTB lineage (clustered/total isolates)

Transmission dynamics (nosocomial and/or outbreak)

HIV/TB coinfectiona (%)

Genotyping method

Ref.

Benin (Cotonou)

S mono-resistant TB (17)

Lineage 2/Beijing (17/194)

Community outbreak

6/17 (35%)

MIRU-VNTR

[19]

Mali (Bamako)

XDR-TB(3)

Lineage 4 (3)

Nosocomial transmission

1/2 (50%)

MIRU-VNTR, Spoligotyping

[15]

South Africa (KZN)

XDR-TB (148)

Lineage 4 (53/148)

Nosocomial transmission

123/126 (98%)

DNA sequencing, IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping

[88]

South Africa (KZN)

MDR-TB (3)

Lineage 4 /F15/LAM4/KZN (3/3)

Nosocomial transmission

HIV status of clustered isolates not defined

IS6110-RFLP

[89]

South Africa (North-Western)

I mono-resistant TB (13/128)

Poly-resistant TB (7/128)

MDR-TB (108/128)

Pre-XDR-TB (26/108)

XDR-TB (5/108)

Lineage Not specified (74/128)

Community outbreak and nosocomial transmission

84/91 (92%)

DNA sequencing, IS6110-RFLP, MIRU-VNTR, Spoligotyping

[82]

South Africa (Western Cape)

MDR-TB (209)

L2/Beijing

(62/209)

Community outbreak

Not specified

DNA sequencing, IS6110-RFLP, MIRU-VNTR, Spoligotyping

[59]

South Africa (Western Cape)

MDR-TB (21)

L2/Beijing (16/21)

Community outbreak

0%

IS6110-RFLP

[60]

Tunisia

MDR-TB (21)

Lineage 4/Haarlem3 (19/21)

Community outbreak

0%

IS6110-RFLP, Spoligotyping

[65]

  1. aOnly cases with a known HIV status were included in the analysis. Abbreviations: H Haarlem, I Isoniazid, IS6110-RFLP Insertion Sequence 6110-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, KZN KwaZulu-Natal, MDR-TB Multidrug resistant tuberculosis, MIRU-VNTR Mycobacterial interspaced repeat units-variable number of tandem repeats, MTB Mycobacterium tuberculosis, R Rifampicin, ref. reference, S Streptomycin, Spoligotyping Spacer oligonucleotide typing, XDR-TB Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis