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Table 2 Criteria for starting anti-tuberculous treatment in the intervention group

From: Ultrasound in managing extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a randomized controlled two-center study

Positive eFASH

Multiple hypoechogenic lesions in the spleen or liver

Pericardial effusion and no other clinical explanation

Pleural effusion and no clinical or sonographic sign for heart failure (i.e normal V cava)

Subpleural echogenic granular artefacts and B-lines

abdominal, axillary, nuchal or cervical lymphnodes > 1.5 cm and no other clinical explanation for it

Thickened ileum wall (> 4 mm) and loss of wall architecture and at least one another eFASH sign

Ascites and at least one another eFASH sign

Chest X-ray with typical signs for tuberculosis

Cavernous lesion, upper-lobe infiltrate or miliary pattern

Positive microbiological result from any site

Positive Xpert MTB/RIF® assay and/or culture in sputum, pleural fluid, ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine;

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) ≥40 U/ml in pleural fluid, [21], ADA ≥ 35 U/ml in ascetic fluid [22], or ADA ≥35 U/ml in pericardial fluid [5];

Positive fine needle aspiration result of lymph nodes (Xpert MTB/RIF® assay, culture, cytomorphology, identification of acid fast bacilli)