Table 1 Prevalence of IPIs and Anaemia among 610 pre-school children in Tigray, Ethiopia, 2017
Risk factors Categories | No (%)(n = 610) | IPI Prevalence % | Anaemia Prevalence % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Girls | 284 (46.6) | 57.4 | 19.7 |
Boys | 326 (53.4) | 58.6 | 23.3 | |
Age (months) | 6–11 | 32 (5.3) | 46.9 | 28.1 |
12–23 | 108 (17.7) | 50.0 | 43.5 | |
24–35 | 160 (26.2) | 54.4 | 26.9 | |
36–47 | 149 (24) | 61.1 | 14.8 | |
48–59 | 161 (26.4) | 66.5 | 6.8 | |
The habit of a child playing in soil | Never | 23 (3.8) | 52.2 | 30.4 |
Sometimes | 135 (22.1) | 54.1 | 25.9 | |
Regularly | 452 (74.1) | 59.5 | 19.9 | |
Child shoe wearing habit | Never | 49 (8) | 59.2 | 22.4 |
Sometimes | 202 (33.1) | 56.4 | 20.3 | |
Regularly | 359 (58.9) | 58.8 | 22.3 | |
Family monthly income in Ethiopian birr | < 500 birr | 99 (16.2) | 62.6 | 25.3 |
500-2000birr | 451 (73.8) | 57.6 | 22.4 | |
> 2000 birr | 60 (9.8) | 53.3 | 10.0 | |
Consumption of raw vegetables | Never | 106 (17.4) | 58.5 | 17.0 |
Sometimes | 472 (77.4) | 57.6 | 22.5 | |
Always | 32 (5.2) | 62.5 | 25.0 | |
Child fingernail status | Untrimmed | 295 (48.4) | 59.3 | 19.3 |
Trimmed | 315 (51.6) | 56.8 | 23.8 | |
Child hand cleanness | Unclean | 243 (39.8) | 63.4 | 16.5 |
Clean | 367 (60.2) | 54.5 | 25.1 | |
Child hand washing habit with soap before a meal | Never | 80 (13.1) | 60.0 | 23.8 |
Sometimes | 344 (56.4) | 57.3 | 20.9 | |
Always | 186 (30.5) | 58.6 | 22.0 | |
Number of children in the house | < 4 | 144 (23.6) | 59.4 | 22.5 |
≥4 | 466 (76.4) | 53.5 | 18.8 | |
Number of under five children in the house | 1 | 482 (79) | 61.0 | 20.7 |
2 and more | 128 (21) | 46.9 | 25.0 | |
Mother’s educational level | Illiterate | 354 (58) | 61.6 | 24.0 |
Primary school | 193 (31.6) | 53.9 | 17.6 | |
Secondary school | 54 (8.9) | 50.8 | 20.6 | |
Mother’s/guardian’s Occupation | House wife | 562 (92.1) | 58.2 | 22.2 |
Governmental employee | 19 (3.1) | 42.1 | 15.8 | |
Self-employed | 29 (4.8) | 65.5 | 13.8 | |
Household water source | Unprotected | 470 (77) | 58.9 | 20.9 |
Protected | 140 (23) | 55.0 | 24.3 | |
Solid waste disposal | Improper | 559 (91.7) | 62.7 | 15.7 |
Proper | 51 (8.3) | 57.6 | 22.2 | |
Use household water treatment | No | 460 (74.4) | 55.7 | 23.3 |
Yes | 150 (24.6) | 65.3 | 16.7 | |
Toilet availability | No | 246 (40.3) | 58.1 | 18.7 |
Yes | 364 (59.7) | 58.0 | 23.6 | |
Child contact with pet animals | Never | 366 (60) | 56.0 | 24.0 |
Sometimes | 149 (24.4) | 62.4 | 19.5 | |
Regularly | 95 (15.6) | 58.9 | 15.8 | |
Child deworming (n = 578) | No | 183 (31.7) | 49.7 | 27.3 |
Yes | 395 (68.3) | 61.6 | 19.2 | |
Diarrhea in the last 14 days | No | 437 (71.6) | 53.8 | 21.5 |
Yes | 173 (28) | 68.8 | 22.0 | |
Current GI symptoms | No | 475 (77.9) | 53.9 | 21.5 |
Yes | 135 (22) | 72.6 | 22.2 | |