Predictive value of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 for tuberculosis among recently exposed contacts in the United States and Canada

Table 5 Multivariate Analysis of Risk factors for Tuberculosis Among Contacts

Risk Factor^b	Co-prevalent TB^a		Incident TB^a
Risk Factor^b	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P-value
Age group (yrs)
15–24 vs. 0–14	0.22 (0.07–0.70)	0.01
25–44 vs. 0–14	0.12 (0.04–0.39)	< 0.001
45–64 vs. 0–14	0.27 (0.09–0.83)	0.02
> =65 vs. 0–14
Gender
Female vs. Male			0.24 (0.07–0.85)	0.03
Race/ethnicity
Non-Black vs. Black
Birthplace
Foreign vs. US/Canada-born	0.33 (0.15–0.72)	0.005
Diabetes
No vs. yes
Steroid use^a
No vs. yes
Smoking past 6 months
No vs. yes			0.19 (0.07–0.56)	0.003
Heavy alcohol^a
No vs. Yes
IV drugs^a
No vs. yes
Street drugs^a
No vs. yes
Hours of exposure	1.001 (1.000–1.001)			0.008
IFN-γ^a or TNF-α^a responses or both
> median vs. neither > median	5.0 (1.49–16.9)	0.010

^aCo-prevalent TB defined as TB diagnosis before or < 30 days after blood draw; Incident TB defined as TB diagnosis > 30 days after blood draw; IFN-γ = Interferon gamma; TNF-α = Tumor necrosis factor alpha; Steroids = current steroid use; IV drug = current use of intravenous drugs; HIV=Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Heavy alcohol = current consumption of > 12 beers or > 1 bottle of wine or > 1 pint of hard liquor per week; Street drugs = current use of drugs other than intravenous acquired without a prescription; TST tuberculin skin test, TB tuberculosis
^bAll risk variables were self-reported

ISSN: 1471-2334