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Table 7 Results of the univariable and multivariable analyses for Pakistan and global Moran’s I of the residuals of the multivariable models

From: Finding gaps in TB notifications: spatial analysis of geographical patterns of TB notifications, associations with TB program efforts and social determinants of TB risk in Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan

 

Univariable

Non-spatial multivariable a

Spatial multivariable b

Covariate

B

CI

B

CI

B

CI

Constant

–

–

25.00***

25.60–60.60

24.06***

23.60–57.97

Testing rate

0.04***

0.02–0.07

0.08***

0.05–0.11

0.08***

0.05–0.10

Test positivity rate

4.04***

2.20–5.91

4.32***

2.6–6.08

4.29***

2.73–5.87

Bacteriologically diagnosed

−1.84***

−2.58 – − 1.10

−1.43***

− 2.06 - -0.8

−1.45***

−2.02 - -0.88

Treatment success rate

0.99

0.97–1.02

0.06

−1.45 - 1.59

0.07

−1.34 - 1.5

Vaccination coverage

1.88***

1.38–2.38

1.15***

0.52–1.78

1.17***

0.61–1.72

Migrant distribution

1.5***

1.06–1.9

0.61

−0.63 - 1.86

0.64

−0.51 - 1.81

Facility density

−9.19

−20.01 – 3.10

20.64**

7.94–34.84

20.41***

8.42–33.72

Poverty headcount ratio

−1.87***

− 90.40 – −75.37

6.42

−36.05 - 77.09

16.56

−25.55 - 82.48

Stunting

−1.27*

−2.47 – −0.05

1.55

−1.18 - 4.37

1.52

−0.94 - 4.04

Under-five mortality rate

−1.86**

−2.15 – −0.47

−0.55

− 2.19 - 1.1

− 0.55

−2.06 - 0.99

Security

− 0.11

− 0.43 – − 0.21

−7.35

−45.33 - 56.99

− 7.85

−42.66 - 48.11

Global Moran’s I of the residuals

  

0.11

 

−0.04

 

P-value of global Moran’s I

  

0.01

 

0.14

 
  1. aGeneralized linear multivariable model for the natural logarithm of the TB case notification rate; not adjusted for spatial autocorrelation
  2. bSimultaneous autoregressive multivariable model for the natural logarithm of the TB case notification rate; adjusted for spatial autocorrelation
  3. All coefficients (B) are exponentiated and reflect percentage change in TB case notification rate
  4. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001