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Table 1 Multivariate analysis of the characteristics associated with the presence of TB-IRIS

From: Prevalence and risk factors of paradoxical tuberculosis associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome among HIV-infected patients in Beijing, China

Characteristics

TB-IRIS (45)

Non-TB-IRIS (154)

Total (199)

Crude ORb

P value

Adjusted ORc

P value

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

Gender

 Male

42 (93.3)

146 (94.8)

188 (94.5)

1

Ref.

  

 Female

3 (6.7)

8 (5.2)

11 (5.5)

1.304 (0.331–5.133)

0.705

  

Age group (years)

  < 25

9 (20.0)

16 (10.4)

25 (12.6)

1.744 (0.699–4.351)

0.233

2.024 (0.786–5.212)

0.144

 25–44

30 (66.7)

93 (60.4)

123 (61.8)

1

Ref.

1

Ref.

 45–64

5 (11.1)

42 (27.3)

47 (23.6)

0.369 (0.134–1.018)

0.054

0.355 (0.127–0.993)

0.049

  > 64

1 (2.2)

3 (1.9)

4 (2.0)

1.033 (0.104–10.310)

0.978

1.603 (0.156–16.479)

0.692

Initial CD4 cell count (cells/mm3)

  > 100

2 (4.4)

24 (15.6)

26 (13.1)

1

Ref.

  

 50–100

3 (6.7)

25 (16.2)

28 (14.1)

1.440 (0.221–9.388)

0.703

  

  < 50

40 (88.9)

105 (68.2)

145 (72.9)

4.571 (1.033–20.238)

0.045

  

CD4 cell count after ART (cells/mm3)

  > 100

21 (46.7)

71 (46.1)

92 (46.2)

1

Ref.

  

 50–100

16 (35.6)

42 (27.3)

58 (29.1)

1.288 (0.606–2.738)

0.511

  

  < 50

8 (17.8)

41 (26.6)

49 (24.6)

0.660 (0.268–1.623)

0.365

  

Increase in CD4 cell count

  < 4 folds

21 (46.7)

103 (66.9)

124 (62.3)

1

Ref.

1

Ref.

  ≥ 4 folds

24 (53.3)

51 (33.1)

75 (37.7)

2.308 (1.175–4.533)

0.015

2.614 (1.288–5.303)

0.008

HIV virial load (copies/mL)

  ≤ 1000 copies

24 (53.3)

94 (61.0)

118 (59.3)

1

Ref.

  

  > 1000 copies

21 (46.7)

60 (39.0)

81 (40.7)

1.371 (0.702–2.677)

0.356

  

HAART regimena

 First-line

38 (84.4)

136 (88.3)

174 (87.4)

1

Ref.

  

 Second-line

7 (15.6)

18 (11.7)

25 (12.6)

1.392 (0.541–3.578)

0.493

  
  1. aFirst-line regimen includes tenofovir, lamivudine and efavirenz; Second-line regimen includes tenofovir, lamivudine and lopinavir/ritonavir
  2. bOR, odds ratio; CI, confidential interval
  3. cThe initial CD4 cell count is considered as a confounding variable of increase in CD4 cell count, which is removed in the multivariate analysis