Table 2 Diagnostic performance of the eight scent detection dogs
From: Scent dog identification of samples from COVID-19 patients – a pilot study
Detect-ion by dog | SARS-CoV-2 infection status | Total number | Diagnostic specificity (Sp) | Diagnositic sensitivity (Se) | Standard Error (SE) Sp | Standard Error (SE) Se | Confidence Interval (95%CI) Sp | Confidence Interval (95%CI) Se | Negative predictive value (NPV) | Positive predictive value (PPV) | Standard Error (SE) NPV | Standard Error (SE) PPV | Confidence Interval (95%CI) NPV | Confidence Interval (95%CI) PPV | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
negative | positive | |||||||||||||||
Dog 1 | No | 89 | 3 | 113 | 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.002 | 0.029 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.004 | 0.018 |
Yes | 1 | 20 | ||||||||||||||
Dog 2 | No | 91 | 1 | 115 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.004 | 0.020 | 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.48 | 0.07 | 0.097 | 0.031 |
Yes | 3 | 20 | ||||||||||||||
Dog 3 | No | 81 | 2 | 104 | 0.99 | 0.91 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.003 | 0.026 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 0.62 | 0.05 | 0.134 | 0.019 |
Yes | 1 | 20 | ||||||||||||||
Dog 4 | No | 95 | 4 | 120 | 0.97 | 0.82 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.003 | 0.034 | 0.96 | 0.86 | 0.69 | 0.07 | 0.136 | 0.031 |
Yes | 3 | 18 | ||||||||||||||
Dog 5 | No | 110 | 2 | 135 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.003 | 0.026 | 0.98 | 0.87 | 0.53 | 0.07 | 0.099 | 0.030 |
Yes | 3 | 20 | ||||||||||||||
Dog 6 | No | 137 | 8 | 170 | 0.96 | 0.71 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.003 | 0.032 | 0.94 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.08 | 0.129 | 0.028 |
Yes | 5 | 20 | ||||||||||||||
Dog 7 | No | 92 | 5 | 122 | 0.95 | 0.80 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.004 | 0.031 | 0.95 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.08 | 0.156 | 0.031 |
Yes | 5 | 20 | ||||||||||||||
Dog 8 | No | 97 | 8 | 133 | 0.92 | 0.70 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.005 | 0.033 | 0.92 | 0.68 | 0.89 | 0.09 | 0.170 | 0.034 |
Yes | 9 | 19 | ||||||||||||||
Total | No | 792 | 33 | 1012 | 0.96 | 0.83 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.0004 | 0.004 | 0.96 | 0.84 | 1.18 | 0.03 | 0.081 | 0.004 |
Yes | 30 | 157 | ||||||||||||||