Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics in hospitalized elderly CAP patients with clinical failure and clinical success (n = 3011)

Age (years)

79.3 ± 7.87

77.1 ± 7.3

<0.001

Male sex

209 (52.9)

1431 (54.7)

0.516

Aspiration

79 (20.0)

234 (8.9)

<0.001

Long-term bedridden status

74 (18.7)

185 (7.1)

<0.001

Underlying conditions

381 (96.5)

2344 (89.6)

<0.001

 Cardiovascular disease

268 (67.8)

1607 (61.4)

0.014

  Hypertension

215 (54.4)

1262 (48.2)

0.023

  Ischemic heart disease

144 (36.5)

826 (31.6)

0.057

  Congestive heart failure

46 (11.6)

150 (5.7)

<0.001

 Chronic respiratory disease

106 (26.8)

735 (28.1)

0.631

  COPD

77 (18.5)

482 (18.4)

0.627

  Bronchiectasis

17 (4.3)

273 (10.4)

<0.001

  Asthma

16 (4.1)

139 (5.3)

0.330

 Cerebral vascular disease

141 (35.7)

641 (24.5)

<0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

96 (24.3)

536 (20.5)

0.085

 Malignancy

35 (8.9)

205 (7.8)

0.485

 Chronic renal disease

37 (9.4)

114 (4.4)

<0.001

 Dementia

11 (2.8)

44 (1.7)

0.154

 Chronic liver disease

5 (1.3)

33 (1.3)

1.000

History of CAP within 1 year

52 (13.2)

207 (7.9)

0.001

HCAP

135 (34.2)

385 (14.7)

<0.001

Immunocompromise^#

18 (4.6)

52 (2.0)

0.004

Numbers of comorbidities

2.4 ± 1.4

1.9 ± 1.3

<0.001

 CURB-65^a

2.1 ± 0.9

1.5 ± 0.7

<0.001

 PSI^b

118.0 ± 32.2

88.9 ± 22.0

<0.001

 ICU admission

147 (37.2)

102 (3.9)

<0.001

 Clinical stability on hospital admission

60 (15.2)

1015 (46.4)

<0.001

 Hospital LOS (days)

16.4 ± 17.0

13.0 ± 8.2

<0.001

 Total cost (RMB, median)

23,083.1

12,287.5

<0.001