Table 4 Social, cultural, and spiritual characteristics of the study participants
Variables | State University (N = 309) | Private University (N = 207) | Total (N = 516) |
|---|---|---|---|
Asian Values Scales (AVS) | |||
 Total scales (mean ± SE) | 4.9 ± 0.03 | 4.8 ± 0.04 | 4.9 ± 0.02 |
 Conformity to norms | 4.7 ± 0.03 | 4.7 ± 0.04 | 4.7 ± 0.02 |
 Family recognition | 4.6 ± 0.06 | 4.8 ± 0.09 | 4.7 ± 0.05 |
 Emotional self-control * | 5.1 ± 0.04 | 4.9 ± 0.06 | 5.0 ± 0.03 |
 Collectivism * | 5.2 ± 0.04 | 4.9 ± 0.08 | 5.0 ± 0.04 |
 Humility * | 5.4 ± 0.05 | 5.2 ± 0.07 | 5.3 ± 0.04 |
 Filial piety * | 4.6 ± 0.04 | 4.7 ± 0.05 | 4.6 ± 0.03 |
Beliefs and Values Scales (BVS) | |||
 Total scales (mean ± SE) | 58.7 ± 0.42 | 57.5 ± 0.65 | 58.2 ± 0.36 |
 Low (n, %) | 5 (1.6) | 9 (4.3) | 14 (2.7) |
 High (n, %) | 304 (98.4) | 198 (95.7) | 502 (97.3) |